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- Convenor:
-
Maralusiddaiah Halasur Matt
(Anthropological Survey of India)
- Location:
- 102a
- Start time:
- 15 May, 2014 at
Time zone: Asia/Tokyo
- Session slots:
- 2
Short Abstract:
This panel seeks papers on wide range on traditional and indigenous medicinal knowledge and practices among the indigenous people in the past and its future.
Long Abstract:
Over the last few decades, awareness has increased about the phenomenon of medical pluralism and the importance of integrating bio-medicine and other forms of health care among the indigenous people. The broad variety of healing cultures existing alongside bio-medicine is called complementary or alternative medicine in industrialized countries and traditional medicine in developing countries. Indigenous communities throughout the world have medical systems which are heavily based on surrounding nature, supernatural beings and belief systems. With globalization and economic liberalization these medical systems are exposed to other medical systems, including modern bio-medicine. The medical system and magico-religious system is a complex one in the sense that it encompass a variety of practices that employ magic, religion, physical pressure, plant and animal products and even the allopathic medicine representing medical pluralism. During the course of history Indigenous people have evolved various mechanisms to overcome ill health and disease based on traditional and Indigenous knowledge. Though all these diseases are believed to have been caused due to various mystical reasons, the diagnosing practices clearly indicate they are still in search of ascertaining the actual cause of diseases. This can be well established by the fact that the Indigenous people not only observe magico-religious rites to ward off sickness, but they also use a variety of herbal and animal products to get cured.
This panel invites papers that seek to investigate medical and traditional knowledge in the globalizing world, especially regarding the health conditions and health practices among Indigenous people.
Accepted papers:
Session 1Paper short abstract:
Cherokee Indian medicine is used according to the four directions. The dandelion belongs to three directions: east, north and west. Each direction has the” life value”.
Paper long abstract:
The meaning of the term medicine is much broader then"treatment", 'health" ,"s elf-control" ,or "prevention". The Indian idea of medicine is based on the earlier meanings of the four directions and universal circle, each direction has its own prayer of thanks. East is spiritual, South is natural, West is physical and North is mental. The lines that cross North to South and East to West represent harmony and balance. One direction in our lives does not exist without the opposite energy.
Dandelion belongs to the three directions: East, West and North. East is about heart, West is- strength and endurance. North- protection, prevention. Healing was based on a way of bringing a person into harmony and balance with their environment, keeping in mind the tremendous influence that plants, animals, birds, and everything in the environment had on early American Indians. Unlike in some other cultures for the Cherokee the shape of the leaves or the color of the plant doesn't indicate how the plant is used. It is necessary to understand" the life value" in each direction in order to better understand the use of certain plants. The rule of opposite is used in the choice of plants and their medicine for keeping things in harmony and balance. Respect is a principal of American Indian medicine.
Paper short abstract:
Evolving human communities had positive and negative effects on traditional communities which under development. Every community has its informal medical systems depend on its cultural and physical condition for treatment and medicine still use in all oases side by side the new one.
Paper long abstract:
In all oasis environmental, physical and geographical conditions in the life of the population interlink and formulate the nature of the community and its social and cultural systems, and the informal medical systems. It also formulates the life of the population and its health and diseases.
The medical systems in corporates popular methods of treatment which rely on local plants and herbs as well as popular beliefs and traditions associated with health and diseases which have some health function closely related to the geological environment.
The communities of all the oasis are under development projects depend evolution ideas and economic growth and change in all the communities and human being response and on all life aspects.
The ecological and cultural conditions have shaped the ethnographic medical systems in the oasis .
Including health and prevention, problems, popular medications, customs and beliefs, behavioral aspects of those in change of treatment and related rituals.
The traditional medical systems still used side by side with modern medications in treating various kinds of diseases.
The aim of this paper is to know :
1- The traditional medical systems and its effect on health and diseases.
2- The formal medical system.
3- The sustainable development and its effect on population health and prevents the diseases.
Paper short abstract:
This paper shows the case of emerging indigenous medical knowledge regarding atopic dermatitis in Japan. By illustrating this case, this paper discusses that indigenous knowledge can be produced even in modern settings.
Paper long abstract:
The word 'indigenous knowledge' evokes the image of lay people's knowledge which is disseminated through communities over the course of generations as a 'tradition'. However, there is a new indigenous knowledge, which has emerged amongst patients in contemporary societies and goes against current biomedical knowledge. This paper focuses on a group of people suffering from Atopic Dermatitis (AD) in Japan and on their knowledge about AD treatment, which goes against the standard treatment.
AD is an inflammatory skin disease and there is no medicine to cure it. In the standard treatment for AD, steroids are used as the first line therapy all over the world. Steroids can cease inflammation quickly but they do not cure AD and are used as a temporal treatment. However, patients with severe symptoms have to keep using them for a long period of time to control their symptoms, which induces some side-effects. These include acne, hair growth and thinning skin. It is also claimed that the efficacy of steroids reduces when they are used for a long period of time and the harsh deterioration, which is called the rebound phenomenon, occurs when patients cease using steroids. Because of such negative effects, some patients stop using steroids and try to treat their symptoms without steroids. This treatment is called non-steroid treatment and interesting enough, this treatment is found only in Japan and America to my knowledge. This paper discuss that indigenous knowledge can be produced even in modern settings and can act as counter to biomedicine.
Paper short abstract:
This paper hopes to trace out the globalization and indigenous knowledge among the Jenu Kuruba of Chamarajanagara.
Paper long abstract:
The tribal's were interviewed with structured questionnaire along with video recording to supplement the study with primary data for findings. The micro study shows that the hill tribes the Jenu Kurubas and the Kadu kurubas different settlements of Mysore district in Karnataka State, India. They are illiterate and their living standard is under Below Poverty Line (BPL). Most of them are deprived of the social assistance. The existing system is ineffective in delivering the services to people. Added to this the tribal communities lack effective leaders among them to help their people. It was found that the major problems of the tribal people are lack of awareness and ability to access to the public offices. Their natural fear of the unknown official system and their inability to meet the transaction costs have also left they deprived.
Paper short abstract:
In this paper I am trying to highlight about the Socio-Economic impacts on indigenous population due to river water pollution of Cauvery river ,Karnataka,India
Paper long abstract:
Water is an essential element for the life and unsustainable developmental activities like irrational industrialization, urbanization and agricultural activities are continuously deteriorating both water quality and quantity. Pollution is the contamination of water by foreign matter, viz. micro-organisms, chemicals, industrial sewage, and other wastes; such matter deteriorates the quality of the water and renders it unfit for its intended uses. In the Cauvery basin so many indigenous communities are spread and mainly depend on the water for day today life. They don't have the facility of purification and other media to purify. In India 99,380 habitats were affected by poor quality drinking water and Karnataka stand sixth with 6,104 affected habitations. Water pollution not only causes health hazards but also disturbs the socio-economic setup, viz. poverty, inequality and migration etc. in the affected habitations. Out of all pollution induced socio-economic imbalances, migration is last coping strategy adopted by the affected people. Poor health results in unemployment and people mi-grated in response to unemployment or else to con-tribute to the household income or to attain social mobility and the poor segment migrated from rural to urban areas with the anticipation of better earning potential and standard of living
Paper short abstract:
This paper is concerned with the indigenous medicinal knowledge and healing practices of Narikurawar, a peripatetic tribal community in Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, S. India.
Paper long abstract:
Narikurawar are the peripatetic tribal community associated with nature and its products, settled all over South India.Their traditional occupation was hunting and gathering and selling medicine.In other states they call them as Hakki Pikki. They are closely related with hills and forests, they have immense traditional knowledge on herbs and plants. They use varieties of animal and plant products for making medicines. Medicinal mixture "lakiyam" etc. are extensively used as medicine. Since their medical practice is natural and indigenous and patients are having faith on this and satisfied with their treatment.
The people of the Narikurawar tribe depend primarily on indigenous medicines for their health care. Their positive state of mind, disciplined life and faith in their religion improve their health status. Likewise cases of suicidal death, mental illness and stress are uncommon. Though they are stigmatized and met with humiliation from other caste groups, they encounter them in possession of this secret medical knowledge. Nevertheless further intensive research is needed to preserve the knowledge of our valuable native medicines before they go astray due to the pressures of modernization.
This paper deal comprehensively about healing and health promoting indigenous knowledge and practices of Narikurawar in Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu.
Paper short abstract:
In this paper I am trying to bring health and educational profile of some selected tribal communities in Chamarajanagara district in Karnataka.
Paper long abstract:
India is a country that leaves one spellbound with its alluring contrasts and striking features in all that it beholds. India is an old country with a rich legend and history. One is sure to get intermingled with the plaited knots of customary and contemporary ingredients of India. Where else will you experience spirituality and solitude than in the mystic land of the lord?. The rich rituals, distinct culture of India, festivals and ceremonies that India celebrates, unfold its legendary sagas. In Karnataka totally about 50 communities are distributed in different parts with their own traditional way of life and maintained their health and education with specific percentage. This is not common among all the communities. This paper discusses about the accessibility of health and educational profile of the urban communities who were migrated to metropolitan cities in search of livelihood. During the migration period from rural to urban cities not only one community or one caste or one religion peoples are taking part in it. In Karnataka state totally 300 community peoples are spreading all over. In urban cities we find different cultural peoples having different motives are moving from place to place. During this displacement people are affected with diseases and they lose their education and health and wealth. In this paper I am trying to bring health and educational profile of Soliga tribe of Chmarajanagara after migration to neighbouring areas.
Paper short abstract:
In this paper I am trying to highlight about the Indigenous knowledge and oral tradition among the Soliga - an Indigenous community.
Paper long abstract:
The Soliga, also spelled Sholaga is an indigenous community in India that inhabits the Biligirirangana hill and associated hill ranges in Southern Karnataka, mostly in Chamarajanagar District and Erode district of Tamil Nadu. Most of them are concentrated in and around the B.R .Hills in Yelandur and Kollegal Taluks of Chamarajanagar district, Karnataka. Indigenous knowledge is the local knowledge that is unique to a culture or society. Other names for it include: 'local knowledge', 'folk knowledge', 'people's knowledge', 'traditional wisdom' or 'traditional science'. Indigenous people have a broad knowledge of how to live sustainably. However, formal education systems have disrupted the practical everyday life aspects of indigenous knowledge and ways of learning, replacing them with abstract knowledge and academic ways of learning.Oral tradition and its survival among the indigenous community.
Paper short abstract:
The concept of health and diseases are basically universal. However, traits like belief, education, philosophy, religion and socio-economic conditions, determine people’s attitude towards health and illness.
Paper long abstract:
Every society has the concept of disease and provides an efficacious treatment. The medical system prevalent in a society is a combination of beliefs, ecological adaptation, techniques and tradition. This system is an integral part of the culture of the society. It provides the means to the members of the society for maintaining health and eliminating disease. When we consider environmental factors of the diseases, these cultural factors become more evident. Women have diseases particular to them. The rich heritage of ethnomedicine among the Assamese people pertaining to curing diseases of women led the author to record the use of medicinal plants integral to diseases of women in an around Mangaldai town of Darrang District, Assam.
Paper short abstract:
The overall health status of the indigenous community is the outcome of several interacting factors. Each community has itself ideas and opinions about health and has multifarious knacks to overcome from the diseases.
Paper long abstract:
The health of the tribal people has been invariably connected with socio-cultural and magico-religious practices since ancient times. They have developed indigenous way of healing practices to protect their health against various kinds of diseases. There is a popular belief prevalent among them is that some of the diseases are caused by evil spirits as well as malevolent deities for which they observe specific rituals to appease them. Again, the pristine method of curing diseases and ailments in general are done by application of varieties of wild roots, herbs, plant as well as animal parts. However, with the establishment of modern Medicare facilities within the rural tribal areas, they avail the benefits of the same along with integrally sticking to their pristine medicare system. The Deori is an important schedule tribes distributed mainly in the plain areas of Upper Assam. Among the Deoris of Assam pristine preventive and curative measures are found till today. In this paper a humble attempt has been made to examine the continuity and change of the health care system of the Deoris of two homogenous Villages of Upper Assam.
Paper short abstract:
The main objective of the paper is to understand the traditional medicinal knowledge and practice among the Khond tribal community in A.P.
Paper long abstract:
Traditional medicine is popular throughout the world. In some Asian and African countries, 80 percent of the population depends on traditional medicine, including for primary healthcare. Traditional and indigenous medicinal knowledge and practice comprises knowledge systems that developed over generations within various societies before the era of modern medicine. Indigenous medicine is generally transmitted orally through a community, family and individuals. Within a given culture, elements of indigenous medicine knowledge are generally known by many, or may be gathered and applied by those in a specific role of healer. Traditional medical knowledge has social, cultural and scientific value and is important for many indigenous peoples and local communities. The study is conducted on Traditional and indigenous medicinal knowledge and practice among the Kondh tribes of visakhapatnam District of A.P, concludes that, a wide variety of traditional herbals are used by the people in this area. Even though some superstitions are prevalent behind the reason of health problem, the application of traditional and indigenous medicinal knowledge are very vast and quite effective to cure the diseases.
Paper short abstract:
This paper tries to explore the major aspects on the indigenous medicinal knowledge and its surviving among the Soliga tribe.
Paper long abstract:
Indigenous communities throughout the world have medical systems which are heavily based on surrounding nature, supernatural beings and belief systems. With globalization and economic liberalization these medical systems are exposed to other medical systems, including modern bio-medicine is a complex one in the sense that it encompasses a variety of practices that employ magic, religion, physical pressure, plant and animal products and even the allopathic medicine representing medical pluralism. During the course of history Indigenous people have evolved various mechanisms to overcome ill health and disease based on traditional and Indigenous knowledge. According to the ethno-medical systems of Indigenous peoples various diseases and health disorders are vaguely categorized into infections, nutritional deficiencies, malfunctions of bodily organs and accidental attacks. Though all these diseases are believed to have been caused due to various mystical reasons, the diagnosing practices clearly indicate they are still in search of ascertaining the actual cause of diseases.
Paper short abstract:
This paper is on the basket making community, the Betta Kuruba of H.D. Kote taluk who are totally dependent on the bamboo collection and selling them to the local public for their survival.
Paper long abstract:
Tribal in India present a significant degree of cultural and ethnic diversity. The tribes, who have been mainly confined to hills and forests, have now sought their absorption into the regional and national mainstream. In many ways, Globalization destroys identities. Before the era of Globalization, there existed local, autonomous, distinct and well-defined, culturally sustaining connections between geographical place and cultural experience. This Paper is on the basket making community, the Betta Kuruba of H.D. Kote taluk who are totally dependent on the bamboo collection and selling them to the local public for their survival. It also reflects their socio-economic condition, why basket making, what are the other alternate livelihood sources opted to stop basket making, why female are working more than male, how it is hereditary in nature, the communities involved in this livelihood activities, why they are involved, what are the remedial measures that would perhaps make them to stop this activity respectively.
Globalization can be observed in different economic, social, cultural, political, finance, and technological dimensions of the world. It is crucial that indigenous peoples' demands are realized; life ways, traditional knowledge and practices are protected and sustained. The impact of globalization is strongest on these populations perhaps more than any other because these communities have no voice and are therefore easily swept aside by the invisible hand of the market and its proponents.