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- Convenors:
-
Rahul Patel
(University of Lucknow)
Annop Kumar Bhartiya (University of Lucknow)
Bhanu Pratap (University of Lucknow)
Send message to Convenors
- Track:
- General
- Location:
- Alan Turing Building G107
- Sessions:
- Wednesday 7 August, -, -
Time zone: Europe/London
Short Abstract:
Social exclusion is the denial of equal opportunities imposed by certain groups of society up on others which leads to inability of an individual to participate in the basic political, economic and social functioning of the society.
Long Abstract:
The concept of Social exclusion in social science literature is of recent origin. Social exclusion is a complex and multidimensional concept having social, cultural, political and economic ramifications. The concept of social exclusion is seen as covering a remarkably wide range of social and economic problems in the present era of globalisation and economic as well as political developments all over the world.It means exclusion of certain communities from interaction and access to social resources through social arrangements, normative value systems and customs. Social exclusion is the denial of equal opportunities imposed by certain groups of society up on others which leads to inability of an individual to participate in the basic political, economic and social functioning of the society.Contemporary understanding of social exclusion has revived great interest among academics, researchers and policy makers in understanding problems from the perspectives of social exclusion. Thus, the concept of social exclusion essentially refers to the processes through which groups or individuals are wholly, or partially, excluded from full participation in the social and democratic activities of the society in which they live.
In this backdrop we are proposing a plenary discussion to the vast understanding on this issue. It will also scrutinize the nature, relevance, and reach of the idea of social exclusion.
Accepted papers:
Session 1 Wednesday 7 August, 2013, -Paper short abstract:
This paper examines Taiwan’s indigenous Austronesian peoples whose historical exclusion under colonialism and the current effort to incorporate them by the mainstream society. The case of Taiwanese Austronesians illustrates the impacts global historical and politico-economic processes are having on indigenous peoples around the world.
Paper long abstract:
This paper examines Taiwan's indigenous Austronesian peoples, who constitute approximately 2.2% of the national population. Among the Taiwanese indigenes, there has been a development trajectory of rising ethnic consciousness and identity formation that clearly reflects the social discrimination suffered in the past and the current effort to integrate them by the mainstream society. This paper reviews major policy changes over the past quarter century (1983-2008) and their consequential developments—both the positive improvements in general well-being and the persistence of ingrained problems among these marginal groups. Employing both qualitative and quantitative research methods, this study canvassed the entire island during 2006 and 2007. Major findings indicate that the increasing tempo of globalization has resulted in two contradictory trends among Taiwanese Austronesians. On the one hand, the rise of national consciousness has engendered renewed interest in their cultures and supported efforts to preserve and restore selected indigenous customs and practices, such as ritual healings, age-grade systems, and annual harvest festivals. The opposite trend is a continuous outflow of the indigenes from traditional tribal communities to urban centers for better employment, education, or health care. Their increasing urbanization also contributes to mixed marriages and the loss of indigenous languages and practices. The case of Taiwanese Austronesians illustrates the impacts global historical and politico-economic processes are having on indigenous peoples around the world.
Paper short abstract:
Decentralisation is a key topic in the process of good governance in light of the enlargement perspective and the multilevel institutional architecture adopted in India and in many developing Countries for achieving the millennium development goals and India’s vision document 2050 towards the progress which has to achieve in the fields of decentralisation and enhancement of local governments in poverty eradication. As the overall trend of decentralization gained momentum in India after 1992, a number of challenges surged forward. In the wake of post globalization era considerable change has been brought in the socio-economic structure of rural areas all over the world especially in India.
Paper long abstract:
The paper explores means and ways for the general consensus that the elusive search for appropriate developmental policies failed to reap desired results over the past decades as a consequence of underestimating the value of governance and institutions. Appropriate economic policies cannot be conceived independently of their institutional and political context; these in turn have a direct correlation to the role of civil society, community empowerment, good governance and the rule of law. In this backdrop the paper explores all the convergences, prerequisites for poverty eradication policies and good governance which include social and economic rights, free and contestable elections, the rule of law, independence of the judiciary and the media, a list that is enriched and extended with the passage of time and the sense that societies should primarily seek out and support the weak and the vulnerable as the better off and the strong can look after themselves. However, the prerequisites for effective decentralization are still emerging and are not altogether clear in their focus and are in cross cutting. For many analysts effective decentralization for poverty eradication invariably means that there is devolution of power and that participation, empowerment and accountability of communities is a measure on how successful the process has been. Finally the paper summarizes the paper summarizes the convergence of poverty eradication effectively with policies and Programmes through decentralization and effective participation of local people and local leaders for social justice.
Paper short abstract:
SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND FEMALE IN DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES Count Me In. Each of these three words is loaded with myriad meanings: of numbers, of definitions, of movements and communities that include and exclude. Included is upper caste,heterosexual, married, able-bodied, upper-class; excluded is everything else.
Paper long abstract:
SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND FEMALE IN DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES
The concept of social exclusion is both the most advanced and multidimensional
framework for deconstructing social injustice. The social exclusion framework builds on the best conceptual and analytical tools created over the past decades - human development, gender analysis, power analysis, the social construction of sexuality and mental health, among many others. More importantly, however, social exclusion is a framework that is particularly tailored for action, and for activists. It bridges the gap between theory and practice since it emerged out of action - out of trying to understand
why, even with the best intentions, good policies and program mes did not reach some people, or why some groups were able to hoard resources and opportunities while others were left out.
Count Me In. Each of these three words is loaded with myriad meanings: of numbers, of definitions, of movements and communities that include and exclude. Included is upper caste, heterosexual, married, able-bodied, upper-class; excluded is everything else. Important is violence against the included; ignored is violence against everyone else. Every social group in the world has specific traditional cultural practices and beliefs, some of which are beneficial to all members, while others are harmful to a specific group, such as women. These harmful traditional practices include female genital mutilation; forced feeding of women; early marriage; the various taboos or practices which prevent women from controlling their own fertility; nutritional taboos and traditional birth practices; son preference and its implications for the status of the girl child; female infanticide; early pregnancy; and dowry price.
Paper short abstract:
As parameters and economical ideas cannot forge a sustainable change, the idea of dignification of human life arises to overcome structural violence amongst indigenous groups in Mexico.
Paper long abstract:
As the world has adopted neoliberal capitalism and globalization, the acceptance of the logics of non existence have been recrudesced. Social exclusion has been worsening, consequently, as a result of the simplification and the naturalisation of differences between various racial and social groups.
For the multicultural Mexican society, the brutality of structural violence, poverty and exclusion in which indigenous people are drowned, seem to be both naturally and logically justified in these context.
In addition to that, from a perspective related to the development of ICT, media and capabilities of social media interaction, knowledge and information are becoming key factors to attain economic and social development as well.
Hence it's not only the race, but also the system of knowledge, constraining indigenous groups to move forward towards human development.
The aim of this paper is to explore how, after centuries of domination, social and political dismissal of indigenous groups in Mexico, is the new generation of indigenous who claim for the recognition of themselves as subjects of human dignity as the starting point to achieve human development and social inclusion. Moreover, this paper presents how social media is being used amongst indigenous groups in order to create virtual communities to embrace the own indigenous culture and to empower indigenous population to foresee that by dignifying themselves -both as individuals and indigenous-, self determination, development and inclusion can be politically and socially attained.
Paper short abstract:
The paper examines the concept of social exclusion from the perspective of disability within the socio-cultural and politico-economic reality of contemporary India.
Paper long abstract:
Persons with disabilities are amongst the most disempowered groups. They have been portrayed as medical anomalies, helpless victims and a lifelong burden for family and society. Ironically, while other socially disadvantaged groups, such as women, the scheduled castes and tribes and religious minorities have been formally accepted in India as victims of historical injustice and their claims to redressal have been recognised, persons with disabilities continue to be marginalised in state policies and programmes. While India was one of the first countries to sign and ratify the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the social obligation and moral imperative to ameliorate the life conditions of the disabled population remain rudimentary. While the category of social exclusion in Europe has its genesis in the classification of the ailing and elderly in the context of the welfare state, these categories have been excluded in the context of India where identity politics of another kind has configured the discourse of social exclusion. This paper traces the engagement of the Indian state with the issue of disability over the past three decades as a discourse of charity and welfare gives way to one of equality and human rights. The paper explores how the politicisation of group oppression placed the disabled at the margins of the social exclusion hierarchy. Lastly, the paper underscores the need to make disability a legitimate category in the discourse of social exclusion at par with caste-based exclusion and discrimination
Social exclusion and human development in globalization
Sanjay Bhattacharya
(World Vision India)
Paper short abstract:
The desire for globalisation of states for social development and alleviation of Social exclusion and the direction of reform depend on social cohesion in the society and willingness on the part of the decision makers as well as the articulate public opinion in favour of the downtrodden.
Paper long abstract:
Social Exclusion & Human Development in Globalization
The term globalisation embraces a wide spectrum of meaning. It means 'making worldwide', making universal and accepting a common standard or norm for the whole world. If one dominant culture bears financial and political power, it tends to bring all other cultures and people in line with its own norms and patters leading to Social Exclusion.
Globalization and Human Development:
1. Rationalism-Maximum profit and higher production
2. Capitalism- Increasing quest for surplus and profit
3. Technological Innovation- Overcoming territorial limitation in relations and commercial transactions.
4. Regulatory Structure- Countries and world organizations set rules as per their convenience.
Effect on Social Exclusion:
1. Information and Communication- Needs and wants are artificially created through advertisements which cannot be satisfied.
2. Income patterns- No globalized income.
3. Price- Prices goes up without much change in real income.
4. Labour- No internationalization of wage structure.
5. Knowledge- No globalization of knowledge
6. Capital- Growth of Capitalism
7. Food Corps- Export oriented products affects domestic uses.
8. Heath- Low income groups are discouraged from hospitals.
Challenges on Human Development:
1. Clear focus of Development Professionals.
2. Good governance
3. Cultural Sensitivity
4. Sustainability
5. Mobilizing Communities
Conclusion:
The desire for globalisation of states for social development and alleviation of Social exclusion and the direction of reform depend on social cohesion in the society and willingness on the part of the decision makers as well as the articulate public opinion in favour of the downtrodden.
Paper short abstract:
Youths in disaster are recognized as resources but they tend to become marginalized as less knowledge is available about their vulnerability. A structured programme for the youths can ensure their social statues, psychosocial wellbeing by reducing socio-political and economic vulnerabilities.
Paper long abstract:
Youths are full of energy, though atypically a very venerable and marginalized section in the disaster intervention. Immediately after a disaster the youths emerge as savior for all, suddenly become a prominent figure in community. The vulnerability of the youths starts after the rescue phase as the reality become prominent in life and youths lose their sudden heroic phase. A state of mental stress, combined with inability to provide support to the family, not having any job, complexities in daily life cause a serious psychosocial vulnerability among the youths.
In Gujarat riots (2002), the youths were being mobilized by the political parties and religious hardcore groups to instigate trouble in the 'post-Godhra-train burning" period. The lower caste Hindu 'Dalit' communities and Muslim youths were set against each other. This serious vulnerability was realized by the 'Aman Samudaya' (Consortium for peace) programme and 'Gujarat Harmony project'. Subsequently, programme was developed to bring these youth in the forefront of peacemaking process. South Indian Tsunami (2004) was a grave professional challenge as the youths in various relief camps were unknowingly indulged at high risk behaviour. NIMHANS and Red Cross designed special intervention for engaging and showed essential change in their motivation and satisfaction.
In disaster rehabilitation youths can be used as most effective resource if considerable policy decision is made with cultural significance about involving youths with direction. Unplanned intervention causes a threat to the well being of the youths who tend to become an easy target for political exploitation and socio-economic deprivation.
Paper short abstract:
to follow
Paper long abstract:
Violence against women is one of the oldest and brutal forms of cruelty. Majority of women worldwide bears different forms of violence which deteriorate their physical, psychological and sexual health conditions. Among them, sexual violence is a form of violence which makes them prone to contract various illnesses including HIV/AIDS. Issues like forced sex or marital rape by the partner with HIV positive status and rape by an unknown assailant makes them susceptible and increases the risk of HIV transmission. Moreover, patriarchal norms and gender inequalities that prevails in society escalates the risk of transmission by giving very little opportunity to a woman in making her own choice of action. Moreover, knowledge regarding the use of contraception by a woman is considered erroneous for making her sustainable settlement in family.
Paper short abstract:
Stress Management refers to a wide spectrum of techniques and psychotherapies aimed at controlling a person's levels of stress for the purpose of improving everyday functioning. Generating leadership qualities among them is a very essential part to overcome the youth by this problem.
Paper long abstract:
Everything in life, whether material or spiritual, starts with a twelve-pound mass sitting between our shoulders. Or more specifically, with the thoughts that we put into our mind every second of every minute of every day.
The youth who think the same thoughts every day, most of them negative, have fallen into bad mental habits. Rather than focusing on all good in their lives and thinking of ways to make things even better, they are captives of their pasts. Some of them worry about failed relationships or financial problem. Other fret over their less-than-perfect childhoods. Still others brood over more trifling matters: the way a teacher might have treated them in the class or the comment of a colleague or friend that smacked of ill-will.
The youth blocks the enormous potential of their minds to work magic and deliver into their lives all that they want, emotionally, physically and, yes, even spiritually. The youth never realize that mind management is the essence of life management.
Youth has to find out what they truly love to do and then direct all of their energy towards doing it.Once youth start concentrating their mental power and energy on a pursuit that they love, abundance flows into their life, and all their desires are fulfilled with ease and grace and more importantly save them from this dangerous problem of being stressed.
Paper short abstract:
Changing societies through communication technology and internet: A scientific study
Paper long abstract:
The communication technology and internet has entirely changed the living of human being and the computer, today, acts as the basic ingredient in every walk of life. As the technology is influencing the human life, the societal parameters are also changing due to this impact. The decision making behaviour of human is now also changing. The use of gadgets like mobile phones, laptops, desktops, tablets is creating a digital divide among rich and poor sections of the societies.
The comparison between developing nation, developed nation and weak nation is also based on this digital divide, which is influencing overall societal structure. The present study is about the changing societal structure due to digital divide and its impact on traditional societal structure.
Paper short abstract:
Socially Challenged Female Child" could belong to any social strata. Female children with extra ordinary talents, easily become victims of these challenges. Talent Development as a part of education is a wise solution for this social problem.
Paper long abstract:
In the South Asian context female child plays a major role in shaping-up the society. Most of the decisions in a family are taken based upon the requirements of 'daughters'. But when they grow up, some times unknowingly to the parent, they experience the social challenges. Most of these challenges are not recognized so, but the end result will be passed on to the next generation.
Handful of stories are publicized as news headlines when one or two cases reach their extremes. Public discussions are built like "soda water" and disappear. But the average situations which do not make "news" are still hidden.
Most of these averagely challenged female children have hidden talents, which most of the time the talents have attract the challenge.
When a girl become a teenager she, naturally and biologically acquires her characteristic talents. Subconsciously she agrees to her hormonal transformation to become a 'woman'. This can be considered as the best stage to identify her challenge and guide them to develop the skills and explore the life. The proposal of this research is to identify such groups of female children and develop their skills and train them to overcome the challenge.
Art & Crafts will be the platform to build the talents in them. They will be trained while listening to their desires and the requirements of their background to become a woman who challenge-the-challenge.
Paper short abstract:
The Paper examines the inter-relation of Social exclusion and Human Development in theoretical term while analyzing the impact of this notion on Indian Tribes particularly in context of Globalization from the human rights perspective.
Paper long abstract:
Social Exclusion and Human Development are intrinsically linked together as the development of individual or group invariably depends upon the nature and factors of Social Exclusion. Although, Social Exclusion is euro centric originated notion but its applicability and usage in social and cultural milieu of Indian context is very significant for study. In India, large numbers of social, ethnic and religious communities are exited that are subjected to discrimination of social exclusion, marginalization and segregation which have made such communities to remain backward in terms of human development. One of such community, the Indian Tribes who have continued to remain marginalized and excluded from the benefits of economic development. Inclusive policy being adopted by Indian state has rather excluded much. Displacement induced development of industrialization and Market friendly economic policies initiated by Indian state has excluded and marginalized the Indian tribes from development growth. Moreover, the process of globalization and New Economic Policy adopted by Indian State has worsened their conditions. The effort has to be made to salvage and improve their socio-economic condition otherwise their ethnic identify would perish in the darkness of globalization.
Paper short abstract:
Growth, equality of income and poverty are important variables which have to be considered while formulating development strategies. The federal nature of the Indian republic challenges the planning process to reduce the incidence of poverty and maintain regional balance in development.
Paper long abstract:
Economic growth may not be a true indicator of living standards and well being of people. Some economists are of view that there is significantly negative relationship between inequality and growth in democratic countries. The greater the degree of income inequality, the lower the impact of growth on poverty reduction. Therefore, growth, equality of income and poverty are important variables which have to be considered while formulating development strategies. The average per capita income of the rural population is usually lower than that of the urban because per capita productivity in urban pursuits increases more rapidly than in agriculture. The federal nature of the Indian republic challenges the planning process to reduce the incidence of poverty and maintain regional balance in development. The high growth trajectory of India is somewhat deceptive as it has increased the interstate income gap between the rich and the poor states as well as the intrastate income gap between the rich and the poor people. In liberalised industrial policy, location of new industries in different states relies on attractions such as adequate infrastructure, administrative support and fiscal incentives. This increases regional inequalities as weaker states are less able to provide such attractions. A minor percentage of the population has surely benefitted from economic policies but majority of the rural and a significant part of the urban population, things have become worse. Therefore, development of rural infrastructure and increases in rural productivity should be prioritized. Sustainable development with environmental concerns is necessary for sustained growth.
Paper short abstract:
This paper tries to situate the control exercised by the Dalit women over her body especially among the lower income groups.This paper would highlight the social and cultural norms of motherhood on the one hand and the gender biases on the other hand pertaining to reproduction.
Paper long abstract:
The globalization and modernization of Indian society has given momentum though slow to transition from ascribed status to achieved status impacting the traditional hierarchical Indian society. The gender relations have also experienced incredible change. Yet, gender equality is a unlikely reality. Caste and gender still governs the socio-cultural communications in private sphere. It is contentious as to what kind of autonomy and parity of position has been given to women. It is debatable if a woman has power over her own body. The apprehension gets graver when the subject is a Dalit woman.
This paper tries to situate the control exercised by the Dalit women over her body especially among the lower income groups. The role of husband in wife's life and in matters relating to reproduction is overriding. Most of the decisions are usually made by the men. This paper would highlight the social and cultural norms of motherhood on the one hand and the gender biases on the other hand pertaining to reproduction. The interplay of gender, caste and poverty makes it interesting to see how women engage themselves to control their body in private spaces and outline their experiences of exclusion - inclusion in social spaces. It will also bring forth the question how far the beneficial impact of globalization has reached the Subaltern women in modern India.
Paper short abstract:
Tribal life is holistic in nature. So displacement due to mega projects displaces them not only from their land, but also from other aspects of traditional life in new settlement site. The paper explores the aspects where they remain excluded.
Paper long abstract:
Ever since René Lenoir explained the unemployment situation in industrial capitalism vis-à-vis welfare concern in France in terms of exclusion and published his work Les Exclus in 1974, there has been an academic engagement to explain and comprehend issues apparently exclusionary at various levels of living across the cultures and nations. The concept is applied to study social inequality, and more often economic inequality, marginalisation, deprivation and displacement, which are synonyms of exclusion, in the process of development. It is used in contemporary scholarship as an analytical category to address such exclusionary issues as emerging from development strategies particularly in the era of globalisation. In this context it is noteworthy that mega projects as development strategy generally displace tribal people when these are commissioned in tribal inhabited regions. To the tribal people the life is a holistic perspective, for all aspects of life like social, economic, political, religious, etc. are interconnected, embedded and institutionalised in their culture. Logically, it follows that exclusion could be multidimensional for project-induced-displaced tribes. Keeping this in view the paper seeks to explore different aspects of life of tribal people where they find themselves excluded having been displaced with the commissioning of mega development projects.
Paper short abstract:
Dalits have been historically excluded section of the mainstream Indian society. There has not been much improvement in the social, economic and/or political status of Dalits over the years. However, there have been efforts on part of various government and non-government organisations to uplift and develop this downtrodden section of the Indian society. This paper focuses on Ambedkar Gram Vikas Yojana (AGVY) as a development initiative and identifies Dalit women as a vulnerable group amongst Dalits in the study area. The study explores whether there has been improvement in socio-economic and health status of Dalit women as a result of Ambedkar Gram Vikas Yojana (AGVY) scheme. The paper also tries to highlight the forms of social exclusion and challenges associated with development initiative to instill human dignity
Paper long abstract:
The state of Uttar Pradesh (UP) is one of the largest states and also has the highest number of scheduled caste population in the country. The government of UP with its social justice approach has come up with an exemplary development initiative for the upliftment of Dalits called Ambedkar Gram Vikas Yojana (AGVY) by providing them with better infrastructure. This paper focuses on AGVY as a development initiative and explores whether there has been improvement in socio-economic and health status of Dalit women as a result of AGVY. The paper also tries to highlight the forms of social exclusion and challenges associated with this development initiative to instill human dignity. The paper is based on a micro level study conducted in two selected Ambedkar villages (by using composite index) of Sonbhadra District, Uttar Pradesh during the year 2010. For the purpose of interview, a total of 90 Dalit Women were selected by purposive sampling. Data was collected by using in-depth interviews, case-studies, group-discussions and observations. The study shows that after the implementation of the AGVY in both the villages, there has been improvement in the living condition, communication, electricity, sanitation and education of some Dalits but not all. This refers to the intra caste discrimination as a form of social exclusion and this is one of the major challenges in instilling human dignity to all. The study concludes that the confluence of caste, class and gender act as hindrance to overall development of Dalit women.
Paper short abstract:
Ecology and Environment directly control the Socioeconomic and cultural life of the people. In this sense, the area and the tribal communities under study are very significant from anthropological point of view.
Paper long abstract:
In view of the observations, we have to understand clearly about the group of the people and their adjustment process and problems related to development. Development refers to the process of gradual unfolding, growth and stage of advancement. None of the societies are static as all the people at different stages gradually adjust themselves through related movements. We have to accept that the most important aspects of change concern the well being, or uplift, of the living process. Development in its proper sense is not yet been achieved by a good number of tribal communities. Hence, development is needed. It is presumed that by utilizing the resources of the region and at the same time by removing the distressing condition of the people proper development can be made against their ecological background
Under such situations communities' studies are Bonda, Didayee, Koya. These groups of people are of different identities, having distinct socio-cultural life, residing in Malkangiri district of Odisha. Their adaption of this geo-physical back ground clearly crystallized their socio-cultural life and gave rise to a specific culture where we find economy, ecology, molded the cultural life. With such situation, cultural or social life is sure to recollect some distinctiveness. Hence, this will easily be visible from this study, the nature of problems and over coming the problems with distinctive cultural adoptions. In that sense, the area and the tribal communities under study are very significant from anthropological point of view.