Paper short abstract:

Negative externalities, as a result of corporate and individual’s activities, is increasing the rate of environmental problems being experienced in Africa. This continues to raise concerns for policy makers and experts towards achieving sustainable development goals, hence the need for this paper.

Paper long abstract:

Economic growth depends on public fund. This is because the long run effect of government spending results in the growth of the economy. One of the major problems faced by the Nigerian economy as shown in literature is governments’ inabilities to meet capital expenditures and recurring government deficits due to oil price volatility in the international market, leading to poor economic growth. Negative externalities as a result of corporate and individuals’ activities are increasing the rate of environmental hazards such as carbon emission currently being experienced in Nigeria. This problem continues to raise concerns for policy makers in achieving sustainable development goals. Hence, there is the need for a policy that would discourage emission and at the same time generate revenue to the government. To this extent, the study will examine the effect of carbon emission tax on economic growth of Nigeria.

The Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model (DCGEM) will be employed. The population will include 11 sectors in the economy. Validated data in form of Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) 2014 will be used. The instrument had been used in other policy decisions signed by the Federal Government which made it to be reliable.

The study will conclude whether carbon tax is appropriate and if it will guarantee better economic growth, social welfare, revenue to government and reduction in carbon emission. The study will recommend what need to be done to the government and what the government should use revenue generated from carbon emission tax for.

Paper short abstract:

This paper will contribute to discussions on how climate change is affecting food availability and accessibility in Ghana.

Paper long abstract:

Climate change is an emerging problem with pervasive potential consequences not yet fully understood. However, with a consistent increase in climate change-related disasters, humanity is finally beginning to understand that actions have consequences. Effects of climate change cut through all aspects of life such as water and food security, health, housing, and safety, and increase the risk of natural disasters. Currently, in many parts of the world especially Africa, growing food prices have contributed to unrest and dissatisfaction. Agricultural and food production activities have been recognized as key drivers of environmental and climate changes while studies have revealed that food production could face significant and widespread impacts from these changes in coming decades. Though many authors have analyzed the nexus between climate change and humanitarian issues from different perspectives, this paper examines the effect of climate change on food security in Ghana. It addresses the central question of how changes in the weather patterns such as global warming and drought affects or poses a threat to food availability and accessibility in Ghana. The paper employs qualitative methods to collect and analyze both primary and secondary data from Ghana. Findings from the study suggests that Ghana should manage global environmental changes to confront the environmental impacts of food and agricultural production as well as impacts that processes of environmental change, including localized environmental modifications have on the environment and food security.

Paper short abstract:

Increase in food demand requires the use of Fertilizers. Certain bacteria represents an alternative to fertilizer without any form of harm. Some indigenous bacteria have been used to grow commonly consumed vegetable. its use should be encourage so as the boost the business and achieve the SDGs

Paper long abstract:

Increase in population comes with increase in food demand which causes a strain on farmers. Crop yield is increased with the use of agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides that comes with its attendant ills. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been observed to increase crop yield in an eco -friendly manner, representing a better alternative to fertilizer. African Spinach (Amaranthus hybridus) and Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis), are common vegetables consumed in Nigeria due to their nutritional and medicinal benefits. They are consumed in soups which are a major part of each delicacy. On the average, one of these vegetables is consumed at least once per day. Due to their popular and constant demand, Farmers employ the use of fertilizers to produce them in large amount. Increase in the growth parameters of these vegetables were observed when planted using indigenously isolated plant growth promoting rhizobacteria PGPR (Enterobacter sichuanesis AJI2411, Burkholderia contaminans OYA0603 and Burkholderia vetnamiensis AU2011). The use of these bacteria in promoting crop yield has led to the prevention of the deleterious effects of fertilizer use which includes; Ground water contamination, methemoglobinemia, production of greenhouse gases, skin defects on farmers, ingestion of poisonous chemicals, eutrophication, and the eradication of the beneficial microbial diversity. The use of PGPR should be explored in commercial terms. The production of biofertilizer using PGPR should be encouraged by farmers hence boosting the business