Abstract:

The paper aims to study the changes of international journalism in the Eurasian Economic Union. The Union was established in 2014. It consists of five member-states: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia. The Union has been considered as a tool of Russian soft power aiming to establish a common market and common information space (Markushina, 2020). The paper examines consequences of ‘Special military operation’, started in 2022, to the Russian soft power resources in international news reporting and public discussions in mass media in the Union. Many authors study the strategy and tools of Russian soft power (Laruelle, 2021; Sergunin, Karabeshkin, 2015; Ospanova, Rakhmatulin, 2018; Simons, 2019). Obviously, Russia applies extensive efforts to build a prominent country image and to promote a strong leadership in global politics. The Eurasian Economic Union is one of the successful integration projects for Russia, which combines both soft and hard power (Ospanova, Rakhmatulin, 2018). However, Ageeva argues that “every year more and more CIS countries prefer exclusive cooperation with Russia to a multi-vector policy” (Ageeva, 2021). Probably, the same process gradually gathers momentum in the Eurasian Economic Union at least in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. It has been found that many points of disagreements provoke further decline of symbolic leadership of Russia. The paper reports recent differences in international journalism and media policy in the member-states of the Eurasian Economic Union.

Abstract:

A journalist's reputation is, first of all, trust in the journalist as a representative of a social institution. Reputation depends on the position of the media they represent, the content they present as fact rather than fantasy, and their appeal to specific audiences. What components could complement the reputation scheme of journalism? They are probably personal, based on the realities of pragmatic times, when such concepts as honor, dignity, and business reputation depend on other interests when a journalist maliciously distorts facts, reports slanderous rumors, manipulates and distorts information in his interests. from selfless goals. This topic has become relevant in Kazakhstan after many media scandals in the country over the past year.

First of all, these bloggers became participants in social media campaigns and instant messengers to create financial pyramids. According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in May 2022, 163 criminal cases were registered under Art. 217 “Creation and management of a financial (investment) pyramid”, which is almost half as much more as in 2021. For example, the court arrested the popular Vainers T. and Sh. in the case of the Mudaraba Capital financial pyramid in Almaty. Secondly, this is a question about the orbit of self-regulation or the ethics of a journalist. As government officials admit, self-regulation often doesn't work, especially when players may be "involved." These statements were related to a scandalous criminal case involving a former government official. Among the journalists, some began to manipulate public consciousness and lie.

At the Faculty of Journalism of the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, a survey was conducted (February 2024) among 120 students of the Kazakh and Russian Department on the topic “Journalistic Ethics”, the results of which showed that young journalists have an extremely negative attitude towards against fakes, deception and negative attitudes to the audience's opinion. They believe “a journalist should be a psychologist, not a manipulator.”

Keywords: journalistic ethics, reputation, manipulation, Kazakhstan.

Abstract:

In today's world, the ability to communicate ideas and messages through various media is becoming increasingly important. This significantly impacts the success of organizations, businesses, institutions, and politicians. Effective advertising and PR campaigns can boost a new product or service to the top of the market and even secure the right to host major events. Conversely, the repercussions of poorly managed communication can be detrimental, potentially leading to loss of reputation, customer trust, and even legal issues.

Organizations must meticulously choose professionals with practical skills while transmitting the information that people need. Public Relations specialists stand out among these professionals. They play an essential role in ensuring the exchange of information between the organization and the public and maintaining a positive public image. To accomplish their objectives, all organizations must comprehend the significance of communication in Public Relations, regardless of the nature of their activities. It is pivotal to differentiate between Strategic Communications, which concentrates on the general communication strategy, and Public Relations, which is more about managing the relationship between an organization and the public. Understanding this distinction can assist organizations in more effectively utilizing these functions. This article analyzes how organizations can achieve this. Effective communication through various media is becoming increasingly important in today's world. Advertising and PR campaigns can boost a new product or service to the top of the market, and poorly managed communication can lead to loss of reputation, customer trust, and even legal issues.

In Kazakhstan, there are many forums, meetings, and conferences where people discuss changes in public relations. Communication methods are rapidly evolving, and organizations are dedicating significant efforts towards enhancing their online presence, including website traffic, social media followers, and YouTube views. Regarding the trends in the Kazakhstan PR service market, it is clear that social media publications will continue to be in high demand.

Strategic communication is crucial for the interaction of government officials and businesses with the public and the media. When developing a communication strategy, it is of utmost importance to consider the diversity of targeting groups, taking into account their growth, gender, social status, and interests. A brief review of ongoing activities on strategic communication and PR of organizations shows the need for research, primarily on the public's information satisfaction.