Paper short abstract:

Indigenous peoples have protested over the decades and centuries as their lands, resources and cultures have been seized by outside powerful peoples. I propose to investigate whether or not any of these protests have been successful, and in what they have achieved some measure of justice.

Paper long abstract:

Indigenous protests to protect the resources with which people have survived have not been studied as part of the regular curriculum in history departments. In recent years some of these protests have received world wide publicity. But have they been successful? In this paper I review some of the successes and failures of these efforts.

Paper short abstract:

This study focuses on corporations that show no respect for indigenous cultures. These corporations demonstrate no regard for sustaining and protecting the natural environments. The companies are examples how their leadership lacked accountability.

Paper long abstract:

The research for this presentation indicates that in many instances, Corporate Social Responsibility does not exist (Basu & Palazzo, 2008). Incidents of harm to the environment impact attempts at sustaining natural resources. There are indigenous communities in the Amazon Rain Forest where some inhabitants have been tortured and killed for "sport" so that new companies can be built in this location (Chamberlain,2012;Phillips &Mount, 2015). There is evidence showing a lack of responsibility in the actions demonstrated by leadership heads of some corporations. Evidence also exists that companies often engage, too, in "green washing", a term that is associated with and implies a phony or fake interest expressed in corporate responsibility. In other words, these corporations who participate in "green washing" are very enthusiastic verbally in their support for CSR but when confronted with what they actually do; they do not "walk the talk" (Walker & Wan, 2012).

Paper short abstract:

In New Zealand's globally-significant Maungatautari eco-island biodiversity project, local New Zealand Pākehā (of British descent) and Māori variously navigate diverse knowledges, practices, and views of the project, its aims and aspects, relative to their variegated sociocultural backgrounds.

Paper long abstract:

This paper, based on three years of fieldwork data, relates and examines the multi-stakeholder relationship of Pākehā (New Zealanders of British descent) and Māori (New Zealanders of Polynesian descent) stakeholders and participants in the Maungatautari/Sanctuary Mountain Ecological Island biodiversity conservation project. The project, which commenced in 2001, has generally aimed to preserve in perpetuity some of New Zealand's most threatened endemic animal and plants species. The project's stakeholders, though possessing an intertwining history back to 1840, have unique sociocultural origins. Due to their differing sociocultural backgrounds, certain inter-cultural challenges have arisen in the project efforts and aspects of it. Throughout the existence of the project and the community-based trust behind it, stakeholders have confronted, and to varying degrees of success, navigated issues pertaining to the utilisation of indigenous and/or folk knowledge, practices, and viewpoints amidst Western, scientific, and modern understandings. This has, depending on the situation, either positively or negatively affected the multi-stakeholder collaborative sphere and aspects of the project. Recent developments in the structure of the project's trust and the 'ownership' status of the mountain vis-à-vis a Treaty of Waitangi claim settlement between the county's central government and the local subtribe, have effected changes which have seemingly produced a more conducive environment to the use of traditional indigenous knowledge. Even so, the utilisation of traditional and/or folk knowledge in the project continues to face persistent sociohistoric and significant and ongoing modern challenges.

Paper short abstract:

The author speaks about the influence and introduction of new folk cultures and traditions into Moscow community. The paper also pays attention to the process of social and cultural migrants’ integration from the point of view of major Moscow indigenous population.

Paper long abstract:

In last two decades Russia and especially its capital Moscow has become one of the leaders of the global migration processes. Many jobs in the consumer services are occupied by recent immigrants. Ethnic Russians remain the predominant group, forming almost 91.6 per cent of the permanent population, but when measured numerically, other ethnic groups number more than 2 million people in the city. Ethnically non-Russian population has increased significantly. More and more people with different cultural backgrounds are becoming new Moscow inhabitants. Paper represents a study of the demographic and cultural processes that are taking place in the city of Moscow and in the Province of the same name during the last two decades. The author speaks about the influence and introduction of new folk cultures and traditions into Moscow community. The paper also pays attention to the process of social and cultural migrants' integration from the point of view of major Moscow indigenous population. The problems related to development of cultures are resolved in different ways. A quite new phenomenon for Russia is an association of the particular ethnic group members in ethnic-cultural organizations striving for the development and propagation of cultural and religious traditions of their people. The Moscow City Government runs a goal-oriented policy in support of development of different cultures.

Paper short abstract:

Overexploitation of soil in the 20th and 21st centuries created problems related to maintaining the fertility of soil. Based on these problems, ways to develop harmony in a Nature- Society system have surfaced. This paper examines the value of folk traditions using leguminous plants.

Paper long abstract:

Historically, many farming societies in Europe, Asia, Africa and America developed a model of farming based on cultivating a mixture of plants and using live leguminous plants as an important natural stimulant for raising soil fertility. This mixture of plants and its interchange on cultivated land, has an important value on the global and local levels. Taking into consideration Folk knowledge regarding soil fertility, by using leguminous plants to maintain high levels of soil fertility, is an important component in understanding the meaning of biodiversity. Modern Nature scientists express the urgency in maintaining biodiversity for solving problems of sustainability in agriculture. This paper reviews some folk traditions in agriculture which are valuable today for maintaining soil fertility

Paper short abstract:

This presentation will review decisions of Canadian courts and international tribunals, arising from cases involving indigenous peoples in Canada. We shall compare these decisions with outcomes in cases filed by U.S. Native Americans and other indigenous peoples around the world.

Paper long abstract:

This paper will review and analyze decisions of Canadian courts and international tribunals arising from cases concerning Canada's First Nations peoples with respect to land ownership, infringement of indigenous land and natural resources, preservation of traditional knowledge, cultural property, and the physical environment. We will do a comparative analysis of these and other cases with those of indigenous peoples in the United States, Australia, New 'Zealand, and Latin America. These cases demonstrate that there is an ongoing struggle between the interests of indigenous people in observing their way of life and their livelihoods and corporate and state interests which maximize profit for outside investors. The jurisprudence of international human rights serves the interests of indigenous peoples but also helps to maintain our physical environment.

Paper short abstract:

Most of the early settlers lived near the coast, where the wet climate allowed for planted seeds to grow. One of the world's most popular vegetables, papas (potatoes), were first grown in Peru. There are around 4 thousand different types of potatoes in Peru nowadays.

Paper long abstract:

. The earliest remains of potatoes have been discovered at archaeological sites in southern and eastern Peru, dating as back as 400 B.C. Peru continues to produce the largest potato varieties and has been referred to as the "Potato capital Of the world". potatoes were not the only vegetable in ancient Peru, avocado pits had been discovered buried with mummies dating as far as 750 B.C.

The Incas came to power in the 15 century. They survived mostly on maize and potatoes they planted on terraces that they carved out of steep hillsides (which can still be seen and used today). Their empire was short-lived. In 1528, the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro discovered Peru. The Spanish introduced chicken, pork, and lamb to the Incas. In return, the Incas introduced the Spanish to a wide variety of potatoes and aji (chili pepper)). As the Spanish gained control, they demanded that the native grow European crops as wheat, barley, beans, and carrots. Due to a shortage of labor arose, slaved from Africa were brought over to work on the new plantations. Africans contributed such foods as picaroons (anise-sweetened, deep fried pastries made from a pumpkin dough), to the Peruvian cuisine, as did Polynesians from the Pacific Islands, the Chinese, and the Japanese.

Paper short abstract:

In Community forestry indigenous knowledge can be better utilised for conservation of bio-diversities promoting NTFP based enterprise in the community forestry for the livelihoods development of the marginalized and under-privileged peoples.

Paper long abstract:

Since the beginning of participatory forestry for involving the village people in the decision-making process of the forest management system, the community forestry came into being with devolution of power to the primary stakeholders from the centralized and custodial state management regime and the indigenous knowledge system. Starting from the species inventorization, participatory silviculture, biodiversity conservation, natural regeneration, livelihood strategies with the utility of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for the domestic and commercial requirement to eco-system services got the significance and importance.

Later the NTFPs have become a big business around the globe. It is estimated that some US $ 90 billion worth of NTFPs are extracted every year. Further some US $ 11 billion worth of NTFPs are internationally traded within the national economies of the world and the rest 1/3 rd is consumed within the local village economies of the world in terms of employment.

In the livelihoods development of the fringe-forest villages several interventions were made, followed by entrepreneurial skills for promoting NTFP based enterprises that could be managed profitably and sustainably by local communities and forest dependent households for sustainable economy and environment with the help of natural resource management. Development of small and micro-enterprises provide with the stable economy, sustainable environment and social or institutional arrangements

Attempts would be made in this paper to discuss on the extension of private knowledge of various ethnic groups or communities into the development of socio-economy and common property resources situation in the Anthropological perspective.