Paper short abstract:

reduplication, frozen reduplicative, Proto-Masa, phonological doubling, morphological niche

Paper long abstract:

I describe frozen reduplicatives in Gizey in comparison with other languages of the Masa branch (Chadic < Afroasiatic). The aim of the presentation is to provide insights into the patterns and functions of reduplication as it occurred at the time those frozen or vestigial reduplicatives were formed, i.e., probably in Proto-Masa. I analyse *CV- reduplication in Masa as a phonological doubling, which compensates the loss of the segmental material of a now obsolete prefix (*mV-). I then show that a considerable number of frozen total reduplicatives in Gizey derive from a shift from Proto-Masa *CV- reduplication to total reduplication (*CV-red > TOTAL-red) under the influence of a morphological niche consisting of pre-existing ideophonic/onomatopoeic total reduplicatives. Residues of ancient partial reduplicative processes are also considered.

Paper short abstract:

Yoruba, Morphology, Deverbal Nouns, Construction Morphology, Schemas, Oral Presentation

Paper long abstract:

The attachment of a prefix-vowel to a simple or phrasal verbal element in Yoruba changes the structure of the verb to deverbal nouns (Awobuluyi, 2016; Bamgbose, 1990). These affixes can perform single/multiple semantic functions. For example, the prefix ì- denotes an instrument in (1a) and the act of performing an action in (1b), a- expresses a person who performs the action in (1c), while o- denotes an expert in (1d).

(1)(a) ì+gbálẹ̀ ìgbálẹ̀

to sweep broom

(b) ì+rìn ìrìn

to walk walk(N)

(c) a+dájọ́ adájọ́

judge(V) judge(N)

(d) ò+ṣeré òṣèré

act actor

Issues arising from the Yoruba deverbal nouns include the syntactic and semantic compositions of the verbal elements to which the affixes attach (Ekundayo, 1976; Pulleyblank & Akinlabi, 1988), the semantic interpretation of the affixes, the phonological constraints of the structure, and the uniformity of the entire process. In this presentation, I show a holistic representation of the deverbal nouns by representing the phonological-syntactic-semantic relationship between the verbal elements and the affixes. Following the Construction Morphology (CxM) framework (Booij, 2010), I propose a uniform schema through which different subschemas that express the quality of the vowels are derived.

This study has relevance for Yoruba nominalization particularly and its morpho-semantics generally, thereby showing a uniform way through which Yoruba speakers can use different prefixes to form new categories of nouns. It also contributes to CxM work by showing the potential infinite nature of the prosodic structures of the verbal elements to which these affixes are added.

Paper short abstract:

templatic morphology, root, causative verbs, comparative form, agent nouns, instrument nouns, past participle, Moroccan Arabic, Optimality Theory

Paper short abstract:

Tiefo, verb stems, morphology