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- Convenors:
-
Gulzada Abdalieva
(Arabaev Kyrgyz State University)
Gulzat Alagoz (Institute of History)
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- Chair:
-
Aida Kubatova
(INSTITUTE OF HISTORY)
- Formats:
- Panel
- Theme:
- History
- Location:
- Room 108
- Sessions:
- Friday 24 June, -
Time zone: Asia/Tashkent
Short Abstract:
All anti-Soviet movements were the cause of persecution and mass repression in the Soviet Union. There was an endless stream of refugees from the USSR who sought salvation in neighboring countries.
Long Abstract:
This panel examines the Basmachi movement in the context of the problems of relations between the Soviet government and the broad Muslim masses "(on the example of Kyrgyzstan in the 20s of the XX century). From the first years of its existence until its collapse, the Soviet government pursued a dual policy towards Muslims. In difficult conditions for her, she showed high flexibility, and at the time of her strengthening - rigidity. This situation is observed in the 1920s. in the history of Kyrgyzstan. Under the conditions of a new change of power (October 1917), the liquidation of the "Kokand autonomy" (February 1918), the blow of the Soviets on the Islamic principles of social structure caused indignation among Muslims. By closing mosques and madrasahs, liquidating waqf lands, depriving the ulema of the right to resolve civil disputes, the Soviet government set against itself virtually the entire Muslim population of the region, which ultimately led to the activation of the Basmachism as the sharpest reaction of the broad Muslim masses to the policy of large-scale terror of the Soviet government. Showing flexibility, the Soviet government during this period for some time made concessions to the Muslims, granting religious freedoms, but later tightened it again. At the same time, the use of the Muslim ideology, the slogan "For Islam", the announcement of "gazavat" against the Bolsheviks played a negative impact on the further existence of Islam in Soviet Kyrgyzstan.
The Basmachi movement in northern Kyrgyzstan took place during the collectivization in 1930-33s, accompanied by the liquidation of the class enemies of the Soviet power and dispossession. The violent policy applied against the wealthy peasants and the middle peasants forced the Bai-Manaps and the middle-class peasants to flee en masse to Xinjiang. This kind of mass resettlement of the people was a kind of protest against the policy of the Soviet government, which was reflected in the narratives.
Accepted papers:
Session 1 Friday 24 June, 2022, -Gulzada Abdalieva (Arabaev Kyrgyz State University)
Paper short abstract:
The Basmachi movement in northern Kyrgyzstan took place during the collectivization in 1930-33, accompanied by the liquidation of the class enemies of the Soviet government and dispossession. The mass resettlement of the people was a kind of protest against the policy of the Soviet government.
Paper long abstract:
All anti-Soviet movements were the cause of persecution and mass repression in the Soviet Union. There was an endless stream of refugees from the USSR who sought salvation in neighboring countries. In Xinjiang they found shelter for refugees from the territories of the Soviet Union.
All the repressive measures of the Soviet government in Central Asia, against the broad masses of the people, were carried out against the background of the destruction of the usual centuries-old way of life, public Islamic institutions. The blow of the Soviets to the Islamic principles of social order caused particular indignation among the believers. By closing mosques and madrasahs, liquidating waqf lands, depriving the ulema of the right to resolve civil disputes, the Soviet government set against itself virtually the entire Muslim population of the region. So, the Basmachi movement in Central Asia in the early 1930s was the sharpest reaction of regional leaders to the policy of large-scale terror of the Soviet government.
An example of this is the fate of some Basmachi groups: regional leaders such as Abdylda, Kulchun, the famous Kazybek kazalchy (akyn-improviser), Syunduk, Tursun. They were forced to migrate from At-Bashi (this area is located 888 km from China) to China.
Nazira Kurbanova (Kyrgyz State University named after I. Arabaev)
Paper short abstract:
This article discusses the Basmachi movement in the context of the problems of relations between the Soviet government and the broad Muslim masses” (on the example of Kyrgyzstan in the 20s of the XX century).
Paper long abstract:
From the first years of its existence until its collapse, the Soviet government pursued a dual policy towards Muslims. In difficult conditions for her, she showed high flexibility, and at the time of her strengthening - rigidity. This situation is observed in the 1920s. in the history of Kyrgyzstan. Under the conditions of a new change of power (October 1917), the liquidation of the "Kokand autonomy" (February 1918), the blow of the Soviets on the Islamic principles of social structure caused indignation among Muslims. By closing mosques and madrasahs, liquidating waqf lands, depriving the ulema of the right to resolve civil disputes, the Soviet government set against itself virtually the entire Muslim population of the region, which ultimately led to the activation of the Basmachi as the sharpest reaction of the broad Muslim masses to the policy of large-scale terror of the Soviet government. Showing flexibility, the Soviet government during this period for some time made concessions to the Muslims, granting religious freedoms, but later tightened it again. At the same time, the use of the Muslim ideology, the slogan "For Islam", the announcement of "gazavat" against the Bolsheviks played a negative impact on the further existence of Islam in Soviet Kyrgyzstan.
Aida Kubatova (INSTITUTE OF HISTORY)
Paper short abstract:
In the course of this struggle, the Kyrgyz Soviet statehood was formed by the incredible efforts of prominent political figures of Kyrgyzstan - which, being the foundation of the modern Kyrgyz Republic, was formed.
Paper long abstract:
After the establishment of Soviet power in Turkestan in the 20s of the twentieth century, there was a struggle between representatives of the political elites of Central Asia in the creation of independent states and the definition of borders. In the course of this struggle, the Kyrgyz Soviet statehood was formed by the incredible efforts of prominent political figures of Kyrgyzstan - which, being the foundation of the modern Kyrgyz Republic, was formed. But for the leadership of the country, they sent party leaders from the Center of the Russian Federation. Many of them clearly felt chauvinistic ambitions in relation to the indigenous people, as well as leaders. To counter them, representatives of the intelligentsia of the region wrote a letter to the Center, the so-called "Letter of the Thirty", which made a lot of noise, and later became one of the main causes of political repression. The leader of the Kyrgyz people, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (Government) Zhusup Abdrakhmanov, openly wrote about successes, failures and confrontations in his diaries, later these diaries also became the main reason for his arrest. Based on these documents, there will be an attempt to reveal the essence of the topic under consideration.