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- Convenor:
-
Sumita Chaudhuri
(Calcutta University)
- Location:
- Hall 2
- Start time:
- 16 May, 2014 at
Time zone: Asia/Tokyo
- Session slots:
- 1
Short Abstract:
The pace of urbanization is quite fast in most of the developing countrie; there is an urgent need to examine the trend of urbanization with reference to cross-cultural situations.
Long Abstract:
It is well known that rural to urban migration (rather than natural growth of population) is the prime mover behind the urbanization process. Urbanisation, in the demographic sense, is an increase in the proportion of the urban population to the total population over a period of time. Each such towns and cities along with its outgrowth and also sometimes together with adjoining towns are termed as urban agglomeration.
The pace of urbanization is quite fast in most of the developing countries, including India. Consequent to the rapid pace of urbanization, today there is a growing importance of the large metropolitan cities and the decreasing importance of the small towns. There is an urgent need to examine this trend of urbanization with reference to the cross-cultural situations evolving out of migration.
Again, this movement of the predominantly rural folk to urban, metropolitan centres is an event of economic, socio-psychological and cultural significance. This migration from rural areas to urban centres does not involve merely a movement in physical space but from one form of organization of social life to another, from rural societies to relatively impersonal aggregate of people who are primarily engaged in administrative, commercial and industrial activity. It is to be seen whether people still maintain their distinct cultural traditions after migration or merge with other groups dissolving their own identities in the new urban environment.
Accepted papers:
Session 1Paper short abstract:
I wanted to scrutinize the kind and degree of the influence that urban settings had on the development of ethnicity in Serbia after World War II. As an example to start from I have taken the Montenegrin community in Serbia, which I began studying in 2009.
Paper long abstract:
Wanting to contribute to the understanding of ethnic relations in the Western Balkans, I have tried to study the relatively neglected issue of relations between ethnic processes in urban settings on the one hand, and those same processes in rural settings on the other. In other words, I wanted to scrutinize the kind and degree of the influence that urban settings had on the development of ethnicity in Serbia after World War II. As an example to start from I have taken the Montenegrin community in Serbia, which I began studying in 2009. By combining statistical analyses with the analysis of data from the field (interviews, observations), I have come to conclusions which, to a certain extent, confirm the existing knowledge about this theoretical issue, but also deepen the issue at some points or present it in an entirely different light. Research like this demands a complex approach, encompassed by a theoretical framework composed of theories of migration, theories of acculturation, theories of ethnicity and/or identity etc. I will give a special attention to economical aspect of the ethnic processes.
Paper short abstract:
Due to lack of skill or education, the migrants of the cities adopt street food vending as a source of livelihood. The informal food sector encompassing street food vendors is at upsurge in cities of India. This paper comprehends the phenomenon of street food vending in cities of India.
Paper long abstract:
Cities are foundation of economic growth and social development, demand highly trained professionals which generates the need of positions below these professionals. This results in migration of people from neighbouring rural areas to cities in search of livelihood. Such migrants do not possess the skill or education to enable them to find a better paying employment in the formal sector. Thus, they are forced to enter into informal sector like street vending. This leads to rise of jobs outside the formal sector and into the informal one. The street food vendors are the very visible element of the informal sector. According to WHO, around 74% countries reported that street vended foods are a significant part of the urban food supply
One major section of such migrant are indulged in the street food vending which is continuously accumulating and is unlikely to disappear in cities. Due to rapid urbanization in the countries like India, street food vending is becoming a coping strategy for the migrants, when denied access to more formal employment opportunities. Because of its unorganized nature street food vending is often viewed as an impediment to development. In contrary, it offers autonomy, income and fulfils the basic need of food of various section of urban population. This paper tries to comprehend the phenomenon of street food vending in the developing cities of India.
Paper short abstract:
During the lean season there is deficit of household economy which leads to seasonal migration. The SC women may stay back at home as their husband goes to the city to earn livelihood or she may also migrate along with her husband. The women faces problems such as adjustment problems, health hazards, etc.
Paper long abstract:
Odisha has a large number of migrant female labourers who leave their villages in search of livelihood. The underdeveloped agricultural economy which makes people unemployed in lean season creates deficit household economy which leads to natural disasters. Many women are forced to migrate periodically to move out in search of work. The process of migration has a differential impact on the scheduled caste women - whether they are left behind in the village in case their husbands migrate or in case they too migrate along with the males. Against this backdrop the paper tries to explore factors responsible for their migration from Bargarh district to various cities in search of employment. It also investigates the level of moral, physical and economic exploitation these women face. Relevant information have been collected through the methods of observation, interview schedule, focused group discussion and informal meeting from 120 respondents of six different villages of Bargarh district. The study reveals that laboures are away from their home for 6-8 months after Nuakhai. (a popular mass festival of West Odisha). Migrations begins around October-November which stretches over to six to eight months at the work sites. They return to their villages before the next monsoon. It is found that the women face adjustment problems, loss of status, health hazards, exploitation, lack of social network etc. Thus the migrant women fight on two battlefronts-dealing with hard labour throughout the day and with children when back at home.
Paper short abstract:
The urban population of India is increasing rapidly, mainly due to an increase in rural to urban migration. Migration is not a new experience in India. The migration process of rural to urban in India started a long time ago, but the recent trend of migration is remarkable.
Paper long abstract:
Migration plays a very vital role in the process of urbanization. It is the symptom of the process of economic development. In the process of industrialization and urbanization of a developing nation like India, the inter-regional migration has important contributions to make. It may serve to some extent the development needs of the nation by ensuring the use of human resources to the best advantage.
In India migration from rural to urban areas has become a trade way assume by an increasing number of families who migrate to the urban area to search of better income opportunities or better life style prospect, Which result the growth rates in every rural sector like dairy farming, dairy industry, agricultural production has been affected.