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- Convenor:
-
Premananda Bharati
(Indian Statistical Institute)
Send message to Convenor
- Chair:
-
Swinder Pal Singh
(Punjabi University, Patiala, India)
- Track:
- Being Human
- Location:
- Schuster Lab Bragg
- Sessions:
- Wednesday 7 August, -, -, -, -
Time zone: Europe/London
Short Abstract:
Panel on health, nutrition and physical growth proposes to highlight the culture and environment specific situations modifying child nutrition, growth and development resulting in bodily adaptations thus reflecting on overall health scenario of people from spatial temporal viewpoints.
Long Abstract:
The full genetic potential for bodily size is achieved only under highly favorable and optimal environmental conditions. Marginalized people are not in a position to provide for the complete nutritional needs of their children. Gender discrimination in the food served to their children has also been found in the families. This panel proposes to highlight the culture and environment specific situations of child nutrition, growth and development resulting in the overall health scenario. The choice of food is generally linked to the availability of the food resources in a given ecological situation and hence the nutrition. Over the years, the social groups have learnt to economize the use of foods to build a cushion in case of the climatic uncertainties which is reflected in their bodily adaptations. The papers invited to this panel would explore variations in health, nutrition and physical growth. Studies are likely to bring forth new information on specific adaptations different populations have undergone.
Scope
Different countries strive hard to make their children healthy. The United Nations agencies and funds also focus their attention and funding on children of different nations living under stressful conditions. The regional and cultural variations in Health, Nutrition and Physical Growth can draw our attention to the factors responsible for bringing about these differences. The growth performance of children over the years indicating secular shifts can provide vital clues as to the outcome of the efforts of the parents, society and government in ameliorating the plight of their children.
Accepted papers:
Session 1 Wednesday 7 August, 2013, -Paper short abstract:
To determine the relationship between maternal preconception health status and the risk of low birth weight.
Paper long abstract:
To determine the relationship between maternal preconception health status and the risk of low birth weight. Methods: A cohort was set up from 2010 to 2011. The couples who are preparing to get pregnant were provided a free medical examination. The information of pregnancy and delivery results was collected in the following 2 years. The couples who had a successful pregnancy in the following 6 months were selected as our research population. The logistic regression was used to measure the relationship between the maternal health status and the risk of low birth weight which is defined as birth weight lower than 2500g. Results: 185092 mothers were selected as our research population. Maternal body mass index (RR=0.97), taking folic acid supplements (RR=0.58), good preparation for pregnancy (RR=0.68) could lower the risk of LBW, on the contrary, heavy pressure of work (RR=1.11) could increase the risk. Conclusion: Maternal health status could affect the risk of low birth weight. Maternal nutrition and the mental health should be taken more attention in preconception care.
Paper short abstract:
Anaemia is one of the major leading nutrition deficient problems in India.The main objective of the study is to see the distribution pattern of nutrition deficient anaemia in all the zones and states of India.The data show that the lowest prevalent anaemic zone is south zone and the highest anaemic zone is east zone in India. Regarding impact of socio-economic variables on anaemia, the adverse groups are in rural residence, with low education, among agriculture labours, with less reach to media and among the poorest of the poor classes. Regression analysis also confirms the same with differential levels of significance.
Paper long abstract:
Anaemia is one of the major leading nutrition deficient problems in India. Here the main objective of the study is to see the distribution pattern of nutrition deficient anaemia in all the zones and states of India as well as its prevalence through gender differences. The other area of the study is to see association between degree of prevalence with different socio-economic variables. For this study, we considered the all India NFHS-3 data. Here the sample consists of 64226 males of age 15-54 years. Socio-economic variables are age groups, place of residence, religion, education, occupation, impact of media, and wealth index
The data show that the lowest prevalent anaemic zone is south zone and the highest anaemic zone is east zone in India. There is a great interstate variation allover the states of India and it is highly statistically significant. Women are one and half times more anaemic than adult men in India. Regarding impact of socio-economic variables on anaemia, the adverse groups are in rural residence, with low education, among agriculture labours, with less reach to media and among the poorest of the poor classes. Regression analysis also confirms the same with differential levels of significance.
Paper short abstract:
The study explored under nutrition through the association between body mass index (BMI) and socio-economic status among adult Indian men.The data indicate that in India, 28.6 % adult men are suffering from under nutrition. Among the six zones considered for our analysis, north-east zone and the central zone are seen to be the least and the highest suffered zones respectively.
Paper long abstract:
The study explored under nutrition through the association between body mass index (BMI) and socio-economic status among adult Indian men. For this study, the relevant data have been taken from third round of National Family Health Survey of males of age 15-54 years. The sample size consists of 69,204 adult men. Data on socio-economic background are taken to see the differential effect of these variables on under nutrition.
The data indicate that in India, 28.6 % adult men are suffering from under nutrition. Among the six zones considered for our analysis, north-east zone and the central zone are seen to be the least and the highest suffered zones respectively. Analysis also shows that some states are possessing better health than the other states. There is no marked gender difference in India regarding occurrence of under nutrition. The under nutrition markedly declined from 25 and onwards ages. It is also seen that BMI is more among males of urban areas, Christians, with higher education, professional or service holders and possession of wealth. Impact of mass media is also very much effective.
Paper short abstract:
Body composition analysis on the effect of emotional deprivation showed that all fractional body masses were significantly lesser in institutionalized adolescents (both sexes) than their control coevals, except muscle mass in females.
Paper long abstract:
The study was carried out on 1074 subjects (504 emotionally deprived and 570 controls including both the sexes) from the orphanages and similar economic level educational institutions of Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh. Anthropometric measurements were taken and further fractional body masses were calculated. It was observed that institutionalized adolescents had all fractional body masses lesser than their control counterparts, except muscle mass in females. The absolute skeletal mass was more in females of control group but the percentage was greater in emotionally deprived females, with non-significant differences in both cases. The institutionalized males had statistically significant differences in absolute muscle mass and non-significant ones in percentage of muscle mass. The female adolescents residing in orphanages had non-significant differences in absolute muscle mass and significant ones in percentage of muscle mass. The results elucidate that the growth of tissue compartments is likely to be altered in children with orphanage experience.
Paper short abstract:
Affluent girls are taller and heavier; possess higher values of girths and diameters along with thicker skinfold, have significantly higher BMI, fat to muscle ratio, higher body fat percentage, are overweight or obese and prehypertensive or hypertensive than their poorer counterparts.
Paper long abstract:
To find out the difference between growth performance and obesity prevalence in 10-16 year old urban girls of different socioeconomic status, 1049 girls studying in government and private schools of Ludhiana (Punjab) were anthropometrically studied in mid 2007 for gross body measurements, circumferences and skinfold along with blood pressure. According to this study, affluent girls (private school girls) are taller and heavier; possess higher values of girths and diameters along with thicker skinfold, have significantly higher BMI, fat to muscle ratio, higher body fat percentage and prehypertensive or hypertensive than their poorer counterparts. According to NCHS criteria, prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 26.84% and 9.33% in rich girls and 5.42% and 1.68% in relatively poorer girls. This study also found the positive relationship between body fat and hypertension and a positive correlation was found between parental and childrens' BMI.
Paper short abstract:
The study explored the possible relationship between BMI and socioeconomic status in one hand and excess body weight and the diabetes on the other. Regression analysis confirms age, socioeconomic status, BMI, Zones, occupation and residence are the significant factors that are related to diabetes.
Paper long abstract:
Body Mass Index is used not only for measuring nutritional status of individual but also as a tool to determine whether a person's health status is at risk due to his or her weight. India carries a considerable share of global diabetes problem due to rapid socioeconomic progress. Environmental and life style changes may be responsible for the overall increase in diabetes in India.
The objective of this study is to see the prevalence of diabetes in the adult and to outline the major determinant of this epidemic. The other aim of this study is to see the relationship between BMI and socioeconomic status in one hand and excess body weight and the diabetes on the other.
The finding shows that chances of diabetes increase with the increase in BMI.
Regression analysis confirms that significant factors that are associated with the self reported diabetes diagnosed by the physicians, are age, socioeconomic status, BMI, Zones and occupation in both the sexes.
Paper short abstract:
The aim of the study is to assess the obesity using anthropometry among school children of age group of 10 to 16 years in Pune city, Maharashtra state of India. The objectives are to study the living standards, physical activity and the dietary pattern among them. 512 individuals were studied.
Paper long abstract:
Under-nutrition and over-nutrition are the two ways in which improper diet can manifest itself. The terms overweight and obesity are used interchangeably, but they are not synonymous. Global increase in obesity are attributable to number of factors including increased intake of energy dense foods and decreased physical activity due to the increasingly sedentary nature of many forms of work, changing modes of transportation, and increasing urbanization.
The aim of the study is to assess the obesity using anthropometry among school going children of age group of 10 to 16 years in Pune city of Maharashtra state of India. The objectives are to study the living standards, physical activity and the dietary pattern among them. The schools were categorized as municipality schools, government aided schools and private schools and respondents were arranged income wise. Systematic sampling was used and data were collected on 512 boys for Anthropometry and questionnaires.
Paper short abstract:
A cross - sectional study was carried out targeting 215 school going post- pubescent girls. Using the body mass index as an index of adiposity, 36.3 and 4.8 % of government and matriculation school girls respectively were found to be severely undernourished.
Paper long abstract:
Recognizing the importance of anthropometric measurements among adolescent girls, this study was undertaken to view the anthropometric measurements and to explore the nutrient intake of the selected adolescent girls. A cross - sectional study was carried out targeting 215 school going post- pubescent girls. Using the body mass index as an index of adiposity, 36.3 and 4.8 % of government and matriculation school girls respectively were found to be severely undernourished. Further, 16.5 and 29.8 % were found to be normal and 19 and 48 % of them were obese. Anthropometric measurements of the selected girls were lower when compared with National Centre for Health Statistics as a reference population. A significant difference was observed between selected girls and Indian adolescent girls with respect to weight, except girls in the age group between 13 and 14 years from matriculation school. Mean nutrient intake of the selected government school girls were significantly lower when compared with Recommended Dietary Allowance of Indians. Nutritional inadequacy is one of the main causes of prevalence of malnutrition that can lead to higher incidence of diseases among adolescents.
Paper short abstract:
Short abstract According to the World Health organization, malnutrition is by far the biggest contributor to child mortality and is more common in India. One in every three malnourished children in the world lives in India.
Paper long abstract:
Long abstract
The prevalence of malnutrition varies across the states and in this connection; the present study is an attempt to study and compare the prevalence of under nutrition in children of the Kandha, a Primitive Tribal Group (PTG) in the agency area of Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh, and the Kandha of Koraput district in Odisha.
The population covered in the study is spread over 110 household. Among them children are 165 (boys 79 +girls 86). The data pertain to Socio-economic and demographic aspects, body measurements, items and quantity of food taken in each household and within household by each member and nutrition related clinical symptoms. The study concludes that 75 percent children are underweight.
Paper short abstract:
Effect of undernutrition on the emergence of deciduous dentition was examined in a cross-sectional sample from the Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh State of India. The stunted children have a significantly greater likelihood of delayed emergence of deciduous dentition.
Paper long abstract:
Effect of undernutrition on the emergence of deciduous dentition was examined in a cross-sectional sample of rural Rajput children aged up to 4 years from the Jubbal and Kotkhai Tehsils of Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh State of India. The nutritional status was evaluated with the help of weight and supine length/stature expressed as S.D. scores of weight-for-age, supine length/stature-for-age and weight-for-supine length/stature. The effects of sex and side on deciduous dental emergence were not statistically significant. Except for lateral incisors in males and central incisors in females, the inter-jaw differences were also not significant. Partial correlation indicates that the number of emerged teeth was more strongly correlated with stature than with other anthropometric variables. In most age groups, the stunted boys and girls had fewer emerged teeth as compared to their peers of normal supine length/stature. The stunted children have a significantly greater likelihood of delayed emergence of deciduous dentition.
Paper short abstract:
Under-nutrition in children of Yucatan aged 1 to 4 years could be explained mainly by the high incidence of diseases due to poor housing and sanitation conditions.
Paper long abstract:
Background. The state of Yucatan, Mexico presents extreme conditions of both undernutrition and excess weight (overweight and obesity).
Aim. This study estimates the relationship between nutritional status and both energy and protein intakes.
Subjects. Children of one to four years of age.
Methods. Correlation and regression analysis were carried out on the data of both the National Health and Nutrition Survey and the OPPORTUNIDADES program.
Results. Height and weight were significantly correlated with age as well as total food intake. No correlations were found between age and anthropometric indices or food intake rates. There was no deficiency of protein intake among children but a lack of energy intake was noted. There was a lack of correlation between nutritional status and dietary intake rates. Preschoolers with more weight for height were found to achieve greater height for age. Those relationships could be explained by life history theory in that energy was used either in maintenance (fighting or recovering from infections) or growth.
Conclusion. The poor relationship between food intake rates and nutritional status could be explained mainly by the high incidence of diseases due to poor housing conditions, water and sanitation in general that are common in Yucatan.
Paper short abstract:
Pediatric maxillofacial trauma is a unique and highly specialized area of traumatology as a child’s face has protective anatomical features, growth consideration, higher cranial to facial skeleton size, softer and more elastic bones, protective thick soft tissues etc. Overall facial fractures in the children comprises less than 15% of all the facial fractures inspite of their increased supervised and non supervised physical activity as compared to adults. Present study is insight to pediatric traumatology whereby bilateral green stick fracture of condyle is used as means to discuss the incidence, anatomic consideration, management and review of literature regarding the same. It is concluded that the unique understanding of anatomical conepts, growth consideration and healing pattern is required while managing the pediatric facial fractures.
Paper long abstract:
Pediatric maxillofacial trauma is a unique and highly specialized area of traumatology as a child's face has protective anatomical features, growth consideration, higher cranial to facial skeleton size, softer and more elastic bones, protective thick soft tissues etc.
Overall facial fractures in the children comprises less than 15% of all the facial fractures inspite of their increased supervised and non supervised physical activity as compared to adults.
Present study is insight to pediatric traumatology whereby bilateral green stick fracture of condyle is used as means to discuss the incidence, anatomic consideration, management and review of literature regarding the same. It is concluded that the unique understanding of anatomical conepts, growth consideration and healing pattern is required while managing the pediatric facial fractures.
Paper short abstract:
The aim of the study is to assess the nutritional status of 2-5 years children (total 222) of selected areas of Yemen based on anthropometric indices. The objectives are to study the association between nutritional status and dietary intake and to compare with WHO standards, dietary requirement.
Paper long abstract:
Under-nutrition has become a growing concern, not only with the nutritionists and health personnel but also the social scientists. Anthropometric measurements represent means by which variations in body size and shape can be assessed. Stunting is an indicator of past growth failure. Dietary intake is one of the important ways to assess nutritional status. Dietary intake is carried out to assess, what children eat quantitatively and qualitatively,whether the existing dietary patterns are satisfactory or not. The assessment of nutritional status of a community requires studying the dietary pattern of the community. Nutritional status depends on the consumption of food in relation to the needs.
The aim of the study is to assess the nutritional status of 2-5 years children, (total 222 boys and girls) of selected areas of Yemen based on anthropometric indices. The objectives are to study the association between nutritional status and dietary intake and to compare the results with WHO anthropometric standards and dietary requirement.
Paper short abstract:
Nutritional status was assessed in young girls and it was reported that malnutrition was significantly prevalent in southern part of Punjab, with high incidence of thinness, stunting and wasting according to criteria given by WHO.
Paper long abstract:
The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 830 girls ranging in age from 6 to 16 years and residing in southern region of Punjab. Anthropometric measurements were taken and malnutrition was evaluated on the basis of BMI-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-age criteria in all the girls. The nutritional assessment showed wasting (15.3%), stunting (65.3%) and thinness (24.6%) during late childhood. Out of the total sample, there was prevalence of thinness in 61.03% and stunting in 66.76% of the adolescent girls. The results support the need for development of infrastructure, education and health facilities in these areas of Punjab.
Paper short abstract:
This paper outlines the burden of oral diseases and describes the influence of major sociobehavioural risk factors in oral health. Despite great improvements in the oral health of populations, problems still persist. The burden of oral disease is particularly high for the disadvantaged and poor population groups in both developing and developed countries.
Paper long abstract:
Oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease, tooth loss, oral mucosal lesions and oropharyngeal cancers,related oral disease and orodental trauma are major public health problems, poor oral health has a profound effect on general health and quality of life. The diversity in oral disease patterns and development trends across countries and regions reflects distinct risk profiles and the establishment of preventive oral health care programmes. The important role of sociobehavioural and environmental factors in oral health and disease has been shown in a large number of socioepidemiological surveys. In addition to poor living conditions, the major risk factors relate to unhealthy lifestyles (i.e. poor diet, nutrition and oral hygiene and use of tobacco and alcohol), and limited availability and accessibility of oral health services. Several oral diseases are linked to noncommunicable chronic diseases primarily because of common risk factors. Moreover, general diseases often have oral manifestations (e.g. diabetes or HIV/AIDS).Worldwide strengthening of public health programmes through the implementation of effective measures for the prevention of oral disease and promotion of oral health is urgently needed.
Paper short abstract:
Median ages of eruption of permanent teeth in 800 Punjabi Jat-Sikh boys, aged 5 to 20 years, have been examined through probit analysis. Mandibular teeth erupted earlier than the maxillary teeth except the left first premolar and the right second premolar appearing earlier in the maxilla.
Paper long abstract:
Permanent teeth emergence ages serve the purpose of maturity indicators only for a limited number of years. In a cross-sectional study, 800 punjabi Jat-Sikh boys in age range of 5 to 20 years were examined through visual examination for the eruption of permanent teeth. Each one year interval age group included 50 boys based on age calculation from decimal age calendar. Written consent of the students/parents was obtained. Median ages of permanent teeth eruption in the upper and lower jaw were calculated through probit analysis. Mandibular teeth erupted earlier than the maxillary teeth except maxillary left first premolar and maxillary right second premolar erupting earlier than the respective mandibular teeth. Maxillary teeth eruption occurred between 5.99 yrs (left first molar) and 19.78 yrs (right third molar). Mandibular teeth eruption occurred between 5.93 yrs (right first molar) and 19.27 yrs (right third molar).
Paper short abstract:
Birth weight of the Low Birth Weight children of Punjab showed statistically significant positive partial correlation with weight of the mother (r = 0.24) partialling out the effect of age of mother, sex, residence and gestational age whose effect was found to be non significant.
Paper long abstract:
Low Birth Weight (LBW) infants of the present sample constituted 15.60 % (153) of the total sample (981) which is about 8 % higher than that of the NCHS statistics. Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) babies (<1500 g) were, however, negligible in proportion (0.51%) in the total sample. Multiple regressions of various independent variables like weight of mother, age of mother, sex, residence and gestational age on the dependent variable of birth weight indicated that only the weight of the mother had a significant beta of 0.23 with a multiple R2 of 0.08 with the weight of the newborn. Birth weight of the LBW children showed statistically significant positive partial correlation only with weight of the mother (r = 0.24) (partialling out the effect of age of mother, sex, residence and gestational age). It seems to justify all efforts at improvements in mother's diet and her body weight.