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- Convenors:
-
Dasauki Musa
(Babcock University)
Ifayemi Olayinka (Babcock University)
Jerry Kwarbai (Babcock University)
Send message to Convenors
- Chairs:
-
Jerry Kwarbai
(Babcock University)
Olusola Okedina (Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria)
- Format:
- Paper panel
- Stream:
- Climate emergency and development
- Location:
- G51, ground floor Main Building
- Sessions:
- Friday 28 June, -
Time zone: Europe/London
Short Abstract:
This panel investigates the linkage between militarization, climate vulnerability, and social justice. We explore how economic pursuits like the arms trade and fossil fuel production not only drive militarization but also worsen environmental degradation.
Long Abstract:
Amidst rising defense spending, the economic factors driving militarization have profound implications for our environment, global conflicts, social justice, and the climate crisis. This panel will dissect the intricate link between military outlays, environmental degradation, and insights from major defense spenders worldwide. These substantial defense budgets not only divert resources away from critical social and environmental priorities but also perpetuate a cycle of military expansion and armament production, leading to significant environmental consequences, including extensive carbon emissions and resource depletion.
Furthermore, the entwining of militarization and economic structures not only hinders environmental sustainability but also contributes to conflict dynamics. The competition for finite resources driven by militarized economic systems heightens the risk of regional and global conflicts, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities and undermining social justice.
Introducing further complexity, climate change exacerbates vulnerabilities and plays a pivotal role in shaping conflicts. This panel will not only explore how militarization and economic structures intersect but also delve into the intricate relationship between climate change and conflict. Together, these factors collectively impact social justice, with a particular focus on regions prone to conflict and environmental degradation.
To address these pressing challenges, we will discuss alternative economic models that prioritize sustainability, peace, and social justice. By reimagining economic systems and redirecting resources away from militarization towards environmental stewardship and social development, we aim to pave the way for a more secure, equitable, and environmentally sustainable global future.
Accepted papers:
Session 1 Friday 28 June, 2024, -Paper short abstract:
Understanding the pathway through which weather shocks impact child labour is crucial. This paper analyzes the impact of rainfall shocks on child labour . Rainfall shock impact on child labour through adult labour, and this varies across states with differing levels of gender inequality.
Paper long abstract:
Understanding the pathway through which weather shocks impact child labour is crucial for effective policy formulation. This pathway may involve a direct impact of weather shocks on child labour, an indirect influence through its effects on adult labour or a simultaneous impact both directly and indirectly. This paper analyzes the impact of exogenous rainfall and temperature shocks on child labour employing the Sequential g-estimation model. I employed a panel of household data on smallholder farmers in rural Nigeria spanning the years 2012-2018 combined with high-resolution weather data from Climatic Research Unit Time Series version 4.05 (CRU TS v. 4.05) and information on gender norms from Afrobarometer and the DHS. The findings of this study show that most of the children are involved in on-farm activities, with more boys in on-farm employment, whereas girls dominate in off-farm employment. Deficit shock significantly increased the on-farm labour supply for boys through the mediating channel (adult labour in hours per week) and significantly increased more for the boys in gender-unequal states. On the other hand, excessive rainfall shock significantly increased the off-farm labour supply for girls in gender-equal states and a decrease in gender-unequal states. This suggests that the girl child in gender-unequal states are confined by the norms to be home and engage in household chores. Excessive rainfall shock had no significant impact on the on-farm labour supply for both boys and girls. These results show the varying impact of rainfall shocks on child labour across states with differing levels of gender inequality.
Paper short abstract:
This study is titled "Peace Accounting, Security, and Economic Growth of Nigeria". Its goal is to understand the dynamics and interactions between Nigeria's economic growth, security, and peace accounting. It looks deeper to see whether this relationship will be positive or negative.
Paper long abstract:
The Nigerian economy appears to be in a vulnerable state right now. The economy of the country has had difficulty growing and surviving after going through two recessions in the last ten years. For example, during the fourth quarter of 2021, Nigeria's GDP grew by approximately 4.0% in real terms, which represents five quarters of growth since the start of the recession in 2020. Nigeria's GDP grew by 3.40 per cent overall in 2021 but shrank to 3.10 per cent in 2022. Nigeria's inability to reach its output quota for OPEC is a result of pipeline damage, oil theft, lack of peace and security concerns. A study on peace accounting, security and economic development of Nigeria can offer an opportunity to contribute to modelling peace accounting, security, and economic matters in the country.
Data from the World Bank and the Central Bank of Nigeria's statistical bulletin from 1982 to 2022 were used in the analysis. Regression analysis will be performed on the acquired data. The results of this study will help shape positive outcomes for the nation in the area of policy formulation and provide researchers and scholars with a body of literature that can improve future studies. They will also provide insight into the intricate interactions among peace accounting indices, security, and economic factors.
Paper short abstract:
This paper explores the limitations of climate finance in South Africa. It questions the idea behind climate finance and demonstrates that its implementation is divorced from existential realities of communities as it imagines and treats these citizens as passive victims rather than active agents.
Paper long abstract:
The human cost of climate change induced flooding in rural South Africa is well documented. However, there is a dearth of scholarship that explores post-flooding adaptation and resilience building at local community level. Informed by empirical evidence from Port St Johns Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province, this paper explores the limitations of piecemeal and reactionary climate finance in addressing underlying vulnerability drivers, recovery and resilience of communities at the coalface of the flooding crisis. Not only does the paper question the idea and thinking behind climate finance but goes further to demonstrate that its genesis, understanding and implementation in the rural South African climate programming space is divorced from the existential realities of communities as it imagines and treats these citizens as passive victims rather than active agents in adaptation and resilience building. Further, the disconnect between public (government) and private (NGOs) socio-political and financial interests in post-flooding relief and recovery efforts partly explains why there is no sustainable and long-term resilience action plan. While not claiming to advance a panacea intervention, the paper argues that climate finance should not be differentiated from ‘traditional’ development finance at local government level as this inadvertently relegates it to a secondary budgetary and local development item. Instead, it should be part of local integrated development planning and budgeting as this will place climate programming at the center of local development implementation.
Paper short abstract:
An abstract on a research project titled ‘Defense expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria. Lessons from top five defense spenders’. This research aims to discover the relationship between defense expenditure and economic growth be it positive or negative.
Paper long abstract:
The purpose of this study is to look into the connection between Nigeria's economic growth and defense spending. Data on defense spending shows that it has increased over time without any clear cause for this increase. Nigeria's economy hasn't appeared to be growing all that much. Following the 2020 pandemic, Nigeria's GDP progressively decreased from 3.65% to 2.87%. That being said, this research examines the top five defense-spending nations: Saudi Arabia, China, Russia, India, and the United States.
The World Bank, the National Bureau of Statistics of Nigeria, and the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) are only a few of the sources from which this study uses secondary data. Additionally, it emphasizes the use of panel data, taking into account the fact that over the course of 20–25 years, data will be gathered from six different countries. Regression analysis will be utilized in the study to look at the connection between defense spending and economic growth while accounting for other pertinent variables like labor growth. The findings of this investigation will broaden the body of knowledge regarding the correlation between defense spending and economic expansion.
Finding out whether there is a positive or negative correlation between defense spending and economic growth is the main goal of this study. If there is no correlation between them, we look at relevant factors influencing Nigeria's defense budget.
Paper short abstract:
Our interdisciplinary team delves into the complex dynamics of climate change, conflict, and the environment. Given my expertise, I offer insights into the economic aspects of energy policies, examining their implications for national security and environmental sustainability.
Paper long abstract:
The increasing levels of defence expenditure and arms exports among the top fifteen (15) military spending countries in the world raise significant concerns regarding their environmental implications. As these nations (United States, China, Russia, India, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom, Germany, France, South Korea, Japan, Ukraine, Italy, Australia, Canada, and Israel) allocate substantial resources to military activities, it becomes crucial to investigate the potential ecological consequences of such investments. The study will further draw out lessons for Nigeria. Understanding the environmental impact of defence spending and arms exports is essential for promoting sustainable development, mitigating climate change, and ensuring responsible decision-making in the context of national security. Data from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) and the World Bank will be analysed using the CS-ARDL.
Paper short abstract:
This research aims to investigate the multifaceted impact of climate change on the tourism industry in East African countries, with a focus on Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania. The study holds significant academic and social relevance as it addresses the pressing need to understand and mitigate
Paper long abstract:
This research aims to investigate the multifaceted impact of climate change on the tourism industry in East African countries, with a focus on Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania. The study holds significant academic and social relevance as it addresses the pressing need to understand and mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on tourism, a vital economic sector in the region. The purpose of this study is to identify the areas most susceptible to climate change in East Africa, develop strategies to mitigate its impact on tourism and explore opportunities for sustainable tourism development. By doing so, the research seeks to contribute to the creation of employment opportunities, promotion of environmental conservation, and diversification of the economy in these countries.
The problem addressed in this research is the vulnerability of the tourism industry in East African countries to the destabilizing effects of climate change. The heavy dependence of tourism on a stable climate is threatened by the increasing frequency of extreme weather events and other manifestations of climate change. This poses a severe threat to the industry, which in turn affects the livelihoods of those dependent on tourism-related activities. Furthermore, the study addresses the environmental impact of tourism-related emissions, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices to mitigate the industry's carbon footprint.
The study will gather panel from reputable sources such as the Climate Change Knowledge Portal (CCKP) and the World Bank Development Indicators for selected East African Countries. The data spans from 1993 to 2022.
The expected outcome of this research is to provide valuable insights into the specific ways in which climate change is impacting tourism in East African countries. By identifying vulnerable areas and assessing the economic, environmental, and social implications, the study aims to inform the development of targeted strategies to mitigate the negative effects of climate change on tourism. Additionally, the research seeks to highlight opportunities for sustainable tourism development, which can contribute to economic diversification, environmental conservation, and the creation of employment opportunities in the region.