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Paper short abstract

Our interdisciplinary team delves into the complex dynamics of climate change, conflict, and the environment. Given my expertise, I offer insights into the economic aspects of energy policies, examining their implications for national security and environmental sustainability.

Paper long abstract

The increasing levels of defence expenditure and arms exports among the top fifteen (15) military spending countries in the world raise significant concerns regarding their environmental implications. As these nations (United States, China, Russia, India, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom, Germany, France, South Korea, Japan, Ukraine, Italy, Australia, Canada, and Israel) allocate substantial resources to military activities, it becomes crucial to investigate the potential ecological consequences of such investments. The study will further draw out lessons for Nigeria. Understanding the environmental impact of defence spending and arms exports is essential for promoting sustainable development, mitigating climate change, and ensuring responsible decision-making in the context of national security. Data from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) and the World Bank will be analysed using the CS-ARDL.