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- Convenors:
-
Giuditta Fontana
(University of Birmingham)
Stefan Wolff
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- Formats:
- Papers Asynchronous
- Stream:
- Achieving peace
- Sessions:
- Wednesday 17 June, -
Time zone: Europe/London
Short Abstract:
This panel investigates new leadership and innovations in praxis which make it possible to negotiate, design and facilitate the implementation of peace agreements. Presenters will be also involved in the activities of "Learning from Failure".
Long Abstract:
Ending violence in conflict-affected societies remains a crucial global challenge, with violent conflicts affecting the day-to-day lives of 1.4 billion people worldwide (UNDP 2014). The changing nature of war has opened up spaces for the emergence of new forms of leadership. In this context, the proposed panel investigates new leadership and innovations in praxis which make it possible to negotiate and design a peace agreement and facilitate its implementation. We invite papers that critically engage with questions such as:
• Where and why are new forms of leadership emerging in conflict-affected societies? To what extent do they represent previously marginalised groups and enable them to engage effectively in negotiations to resolve violent conflict? How can such leaders 'for peace' be supported and protected, and through which processes? What mediation practices are most effective?
• What are the similarities and differences in forms of leadership for peace emerging either in different parts of the world or in the context of different types of conflict?
• How do leaders inspire followers to challenge the narratives and daily practices underpinning violence? When are they seen as legitimate and where does trust come from?
The presenters are encouraged to submit papers in advance. To sustain long-term exchange around this theme, presenters will be involved in future events promoted as part of the project on "Learning from Failure" based at the University of Birmingham and funded by USIP.
Accepted papers:
Session 1 Wednesday 17 June, 2020, -Giuditta Fontana (University of Birmingham) Stefan Wolff Natascha Neudorfer Argyro Kartsonaki (University of Birmingham) Christalla Yakinthou
Paper short abstract:
In this paper, we aim to redress two important blind spots in the existing literature on the causes and possible mitigation of civil war recurrence. We ask: under what conditions does a peace agreement collapse, and how can these conditions be mitigated to achieve sustainable peace?
Paper long abstract:
Civil war is the most frequent and destructive form of armed conflict today. Nearly one third of societies that have experienced one civil war also experience a second or a third one. In this paper, we aim to redress two important blind spots in the existing literature on the causes and possible mitigation of civil war recurrence. We ask: under what conditions does a peace agreement (PA) collapse, and how can these conditions be mitigated in subsequent peace processes to achieve sustainable peace? We explore our theoretical framework, explain our mixed-methods approach, and discuss some preliminary findings of the research.
Amos Adediran (Federal College of Education, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.)
Paper short abstract:
Social studies is a subject that enables the students to cultivate an awareness of skills, competencies, moral values and reasoned judgment to live effectively, interact, inter-relate and contribute positively to the economic, social, political as well as cultural development of Nigeria.
Paper long abstract:
Social studies is mindful and appreciates man's problems and encourage students to solve such problems through critical thinking and rational decision-making. In this process, student acquire desirable altitudes, knowledge and skill to help them develop their intelligence, which in turn enables them take responsible decision on the social problems. Conflict management involves implementing strategies to limit the negative aspects of conflict at a level equal to, or higher than, where the conflict is taken place. Peace building is also to require the reconciliation of differences, offering apology and forgiveness on past harm or misdeed. To achieve sustainability, social studies need to be emphasized as an important discipline that will help in creativity, critical thinking, national consciousness, awareness, positive attitude and values, honesty, transparency, accountability, trustworthiness which is necessary ingredient for conflict management and peace building for sustainably development. The paper adopted a descriptive survey design. The population of this study consisted of all the lecturers in the Federal College of Education, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. The sample used was a hundred and fifty (150) lecturers randomly selected. Questionnaire was the instrument used for this study. A 4-point likart scale of strongly agreed (SA-4) Agreed (A-3), Disagree (D-2), and Strongly Disagree (SD-1) was applied. The means score method was used as statistical tool for answering research questions and Chi-square was used for analyzing the hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed that social studies can be used as a communication strategy for achieving conflict management and peace building for sustaining development
Edidiong Akpabio (Trinity University,Yaba,Nigeria) Joseph Aihie (University of Benin)
Paper short abstract:
One quest that has lingered for so long in the Nigerian state is that of development.From her attainment of political independence in 1960 to the present,she has pursued the subject of development with so much vigor and tenacity.
Paper long abstract:
One quest that has lingered for so long in the Nigerian state is that of development.From her attainment of political independence in 1960 to the present,she has pursued the subject of development with so much vigor and tenacity.This developmental aspirations has seen her set up several development programs with the core objective of achieving development.It is unfortunate to note that in spite of the plethora of programs set up by successive governments,the subject of development seems elusive and seemingly unattainable. In the medical world,the first action carried out by the medical personnel is to carry out a laboratory analysis to ascertain the root cause of a disease before administering medication.It is in tandem with this tradition that we have decided to tackle this longstanding quest by x-raying and carrying out a socio-political laboratory inquest into the inhibiting factors for the continual failure of the Nigerian state to achieve a state of development.We have discovered that a major factor responsible for Nigeria's failure to attain a state of development is because she has failed to address the causative factors responsible for her developmental struggles chief amongst it being the persistent internal insecuritiy challenges confronting her,the paper therefore establishes a linkage between internal insecurities and development.This paper adopts a qualitative methodology by accessing information from secondary sources such as books,monographs,conference papers,journal publications et.al to critically unearth the embedded issues.
Taekyoon Kim (Seoul National University)
Paper short abstract:
This study not only identifies what factors would be necessary condition for successful peacebuilding in post-conflict zones with the focus on warranties of bilateral donors, but applies those factors into the Korean Peninsula considering the US and China as major sources of bilateral warranties.
Paper long abstract:
This study sets out to explore the scope and utility of peace conditionality as an instrument for peace consolidation in the context of the Korean Peninsula where political negotiations between North Korea and the United States are at crossroads with the hope of creating a peaceful transition via the peace-development nexus. Assuming that there will be the chaotic drive-in of humanitarian and development aids/investments without proper coordination after the official declaration of peace accords by Washington and Pyeongyang, this study will investigate not only serious competitions among donor actors who intend to dominate political and economic influences on North Korea, but also how to apply 'peace conditionality' to the Korean Peninsula in order to stabilize the peace process for a transitional period covering the lack of governance abilities of the DPRK and uncoordinated engagements of multiple stakeholders who have strategic interests in North Korea. By drawing success factors from best practices of peace conditionality (Namibia, Mozambique, and El Salvador), this study will not only identify what factors would be necessary condition for successful peacebuilding in post-conflict zones with the particular focus on warranties of bilateral donors involved in the peace processes, but also apply those factors into the Korean Peninsula with another focus on the United States and China as major sources of bilateral warranties.
Giuditta Fontana (University of Birmingham) Ilaria Masiero
Paper short abstract:
What is the recipe for a successful peace agreement? Which ingredients (or provisions) are key to successful peace processes? This paper evaluates whether specific provisions consistently contribute to successful peace processes in countries affected by civil war and conflict.
Paper long abstract:
Ending civil wars and promoting reconciliation in conflict-affected societies are some of the most pressing challenges we face as political scientists and practitioners. But what is the recipe for a successful peace agreement? Which ingredients (or provisions) are key to successful peace processes? This paper evaluates whether specific provisions consistently contribute to successful peace processes in countries affected by civil war and conflict, moving beyond the current emphasis on military and political clauses to also encompass cultural provisions and territorial reforms. It employs the Negative Binomial Regression Method to model the relationship between provisions in the 292 peace agreements collected in the new dataset of Political Agreements in Internal Conflict, thereby adding to the methodological toolkit of peace and conflict studies.
Chika Mbah (University of Nigeria, Enugu State) Nkwachukwu Orji (Policy and Legal Advocacy Centre)
Paper short abstract:
This study examines how local communities invent innovative practices that enable them negotiate and adopt peace architectures, and how the local conflict resolution practices can inform and support peacebuilding at national and international levels.
Paper long abstract:
The field of peace studies lays an overwhelming emphasis on resolving international and national conflicts, while very little attention is focused on peacebuilding at the community level. Remarkably, communal conflicts affect a vast number of people,especially in Africa; and contributes to poverty and underdevelopment in local communities. However, as conflicts and violence develop in communities, the local people and and their leaders invent innovative methods and practices that enable them negotiate and adopt peace architectures. Customary peacebuilding methods and practices emerging from local communities can inform and support peacebuilding at national and international levels.What can we learn from local communities about conflict resolution that could help us address the crucial global challenge of peacebuilding? This is the main question this study will attempt to address. The study is situated in the Igbo speaking areas of South-East Nigeria. It examines how evolution in forms of leadership shapes the way communities negotiate peace and results in the invention of innovative leadership and peacebuilding practices. The study analyzes how communities negotiate to the tension between Western Dispute Resolution System (WDRS) and Customary Dispute Resolution System (CDRS), and why community leaders and members prefer either or a combination of the two dispute resolution systems. The study concludes that specific forms of leadership produce specific dispute resolution systems. Finally, it suggests how the idea of 'leadership for peace' can be promoted, and how lessons from the experiences of Nigerian local communities could be shared globally.
Mayumi Yamada (Ritsumeikan University)
Paper short abstract:
This paper investigates peace processes in South Sudan, analyzing (1) a number of peace agreements made with UN, IGAD, AU & Troika, but failed; and (2) the Rome Declaration signed by the government and South Sudan Opposition Movements Alliance, facilitated by the Catholic community of Sant' Egidio.
Paper long abstract:
South Sudan, the newest country, has been in armed conflicts for more than 6 years (since December 15, 2013). A number of peace agreements were made and revitalized with support from the UN, IGAD, AU, Norway, UK and USA (Troika) and so forth. But, violent conflicts have not been ended - those peace agreements have been neither respected nor implemented.
Such complex peace building processes in South Sudan, however, started to move. In January 13, 2020, South Sudanese Government signed Rome Declaration with South Sudan Opposition Movements Alliance (SSOMA) (the SSOMA did not sign the 2018 peace agreement ). The facilitators are the Catholic community of Sant' Egidio.
Thus, this research investigates the peace processes, analyzing why and how one peace negotiation became effective (and another ineffective), and who designed the Peace Agreements in case of South Sudan.