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Accepted Paper:

Beyond the Waves: Shipping Companies in 20th Century Portuguese Colonial Seas  
Maria João Castro (CHAM-NOVA FCSH-UAc)

Paper long abstract:

In recent history, until air travel became accessible to the majority of colonial passengers, ships were the lords of the colonial seas. The first Portuguese shipping company was the Empresa Nacional de Navegação a Vapor para a África Portugueza (ENN), followed by the Companhia Nacional de Navegação (CNN). Most of the civilian passengers, military troops and raw materials were transported by these two companies, thereby ensuring the regular circulation of people and goods. Until 1922 CNN had enjoyed exclusive rights to the Portuguese sea routes to Africa, but in that year it found itself in competition with the Companhia Colonial de Navegação (CCN), founded in the city of Lobito, Angola, in 1922. The mergers that took place between the various companies ended when CCN merged with the Empresa Insulana de Navegação, giving rise to the Companhia Portuguesa de Transportes Marítimos (CTM) in 1974.

In effect, the fleets owned by ENN, CNN, CCN and CTM were the means by which the empire became known to the metropole, and the metropole travelled to the African and Asian overseas territories. Their ships carried various Presidents of the Republic to discover the Portuguese world and promoted tourist cruises from (and to) the distant colonies in a maritime dynamic that configured Portuguese travel in and around the Empire in the 20th century.

Panel P17
The sea in contemporary international relations: foreign policy, geopolitics, and the national interest
  Session 1