Paper long abstract:

The written sources gave us information about migration processes took place in Central Asia in the 9th - 12th centuries. This paper focuses on migration processes in Central Asia during the 9th - 12th centuries through the analysis of Arabic and Persian sources written by Tabari, Bayhaqi, Ibn Al-Athir, Istakhri, Ibn Haukal and others. From the Ancient times in the territory of Central Asia lived side-by-side representatives of settled and nomadic population. The migration of the nomadic population was intensive in compare with the sedentary population. The dynamics of migration processes were directly influenced by political, socio-economic, cultural and spiritual processes. Political, socio-economic and cultural-spiritual reasons directly influenced the dynamics of migration processes.

The following picture can be seen in the migration map of Transoxiane of the study period. On the one hand, as a result of the influence of the Islam and other reasons, during this period continued mass or individual relocations of Arabs, representatives of Iranian and other peoples from the south to the region. As a result of the special military policy of the Samanids, Qarakhanids, Khorezmshahs and others based on the Turkic force was intensified the relocation of Turkic nomadic tribes and clans to Transoxiane and some of them were settled.

This paper discusses about the factors affecting migration processes. In contrast to standard interpretations in the paper I consider the motivational reasons for migration . First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the migration process had compulsory or voluntary natures. Migration of a compulsory nature mainly arose because of the actions of certain rulers tried to strengthen their power and expand the territory of their kingdom. The sources contain data on the forced relocation of some tribes, clans, religious groups and communities from one territory to another.

Also, such rulers as Ismail Samani, Ibrahim Tamgachkhan, Alauddin Tekesh, Alauddin Muhammad and others ruled in the region took away famous scientists, craftsmen, singers, poets and other talents to their capitals after successful raids to some cities and countries. Moreover, many tribes, clans, religious communities and individual persons moved from one place by the influence of various economic, social and other factors.

The article will trace causes of migration took place in Transoxiane on the example of individuals and various groups, and an attempt will be made to analyze the dynamics of migration processes.