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- Convenors:
-
Marianne Kamp
(Indiana University, CEUS)
Katalin Fabian (Lafayette College)
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- Theme:
- GEN
- Location:
- Posvar 3431
- Start time:
- 27 October, 2018 at
Time zone: America/New_York
- Session slots:
- 1
Long Abstract:
Gender-based violence is recognized globally as a significant issue for social development, public health, and human rights that crosses regional, social, and cultural boundaries. However, researchers have only recently begun to address prevention and responses to violence against women in Central Asian settings. This panel will explore the social structure and effects of cultural influences and norms on institutional responses in Kyrgyzstan, comparing and contrasting how these challenges are manifested in the societal contexts of Kyrgyzstan and the United States. Each presenter will provide perspectives and insights from recent empirical research about how progress on eliminating genderbased violence can be achieved. The first presentation will examine the prevalence of intimate-partner violence among substance-involved women, and will present the findings from a recently conducted study that adapted and tested the feasibility and preliminary effects of a two-session evidence-based psychosocial and harm reduction intervention, conducted by partner non-governmental organizations in Kyrgyzstan. The second presentation will discuss institutional support services for survivors of gender-based violence provided through criminal justice, social work, and public health services in Kyrgyzstan, and will examine the reasons for ineffective institutional performance issues from the perspectives of the responders. The third presentation will discuss men's role in bride-kidnapping in Kyrgyzstan focusing on the broader system of relations and roles that comprise the process of bride kidnapping. The fourth presentation will explore the utility of Islam and patriarchal norms in the assimilation and acculturation experiences of Central Asian male immigrants in the United States, and their attitudes towards masculinity and gender relations. By comparing and seeking to synthesize the contributions of these perspectives, the panel will illuminate different contexts of gender-based violence among different vulnerable populations, and barriers to intervention. The panel will discuss potential entry points and pathways for change that may help break down these barriers and facilitate successful social development, criminal justice, and public health responses.
Accepted papers:
Session 1Jildyz Urbaeva (University at Albany)
Paper long abstract:
Islam and patriarchy have strong influence on gender socialization in Central Asia. Both institutions offer support systems in situations of stress and adversity and offer guidelines for life-cycle events. As well, they offer prescriptions for masculinity and gender-related norms and expectations. However, it is unclear how these institutions influence men's lives after they become immigrants in the US. This study will aim to explore the utility of Islam and patriarchal norms in the assimilation and acculturation experiences of Central Asian male immigrants in the US. The study will be guided by grounded theory method. Data (n = 15) will be collected in the greater New York city area. Preliminary results will be presented during the CESS conference.
Tina Jiwatram-Negron (Arizona State University)
Paper long abstract:
A recent national survey found extremely high rates of gender-based violence (GBV) among women in Kyrgyzstan. Although evidence suggests that substance-involved women may be at even greater risk of GBV, there are no evidence-based screening and brief interventions that have been developed to document and redress violence among high-risk women in Kyrgyzstan. This study aimed to document the prevalence of GBV among substance-involved women, and to adapt and test the feasibility and preliminary effects of a two-session evidence-based intervention, WINGS, in two harm reduction non-governmental organizations in Kyrgyzstan. The core components of the brief intervention included psycho-education on GBV, a GBV screening tool based on the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) as well as social support enhancement, service linkage, safety planning, goal setting, and optional HIV testing and counseling. In the first year of the project, of the 78 women eligible for the study, 73 women participated in the study, and 66 women returned for the 3-month post-intervention follow-up assessment. At baseline, 73% of women in the sample reported exposure to physical or sexual IPV victimization, and 60% reported physical or sexual GBV in the past year. Analyses also indicated high prevalence of sex trading among the sample, and emerging evidence suggests that women who engage in sex trading may be even more likely to report exposure to GBV. Thus, we engaged in exploratory analyses, examining the prevalence of GBV among the sub-sample of women reporting engagement in sex trading, and the association between engagement in sex trading and GBV, using the baseline data. Findings suggest the feasibility and promising effects of a brief intervention to redress violence, and a need for more research on IPV among women who engage in sex trading.
Saltanat Childress (Arizona State University)
Paper long abstract:
Gender-based violence is a serious problem in Kyrgyzstan which occurs in a context of weak institutions of social protection for women and an emerging social work community of practice. Research shows that women face significant barriers to disclosing violence because of cultural and social norms that support or encourage the abuse. As a result, negative consequences are not fully addressed. To increase women's and girls' comfort and confidence in disclosing gender-based violence in healthcare and social service settings, survivors need access to skilled providers and tools/resources to confidentially disclose and seek help and support for safety planning, including referrals to appropriate health, legal, and economic services in communities. This study examines the responses of criminal justice, healthcare, and social service professionals to gender-based violence and explores their views on the feasibility of adapting, implementing, and testing an evidence and technology-based safety planning intervention called myPlan. This study outlines the preliminary results of the field work conducted in summer 2018 to obtain in-country expertise among key stakeholders and find out their reactions to myPlan. The results show that the social service providers and healthcare professionals see the strong need for safety planning and better service delivery in Kyrgyzstan. They view myPlan as a promising approach to providing women-centered safety planning and standardizing their screening and response to gender-based violence. The study deploys in-depth qualitative interviewing with a sample of informants and uses textual analysis of transcripts to generate insights for further research.
Elena Kim (AUCA)
Paper long abstract:
This paper seeks to look at the way that in Kyrgyzstan men's roles in bride kidnapping (the process of kidnapping a woman and forcing her into marriage) is more complicated than often reported, and that there is often more resistance from the supposed groom than might be expected. By considering men's experiences in situations of bride kidnapping the paper sheds new light on understandings of bride kidnapping and the gendered dynamics at play.
In a number of countries throughout Central Asia the practice of bride kidnapping has reemerged in the Post-Soviet period, often as an expression of bringing back 'traditional' culture. How this issue has been managed varies through the region. In Kyrgyzstan, while the practice is technically illegal, the enforcement of the law is limited for variety reasons. These women are taken by force, and are often subjected to rape. This practice is part of a large-scale system of roles and regulations that constrain the actors in a variety of ways.
Building on the work of Borbieva (2012) and Kim (2017), this paper shows a lack of engagement with men's roles and relations within the bride kidnapping process. Through an analysis of interviews with men who have been involved in bride kidnappings and in-depth fieldwork throughout various parts of Kyrgyzstan, this paper builds a complex and nuanced portrait of the broader system of relations and roles that comprise the process of bride kidnapping. In this paper we argue for the need for further research and analysis of the roles that men play in these interactions, and how these roles are not simply one of men's simple exertion of authority, but are more complicated than they might at first appear.
Frank Karioris (University of Pittsburgh) Elena Kim (AUCA)
Paper long abstract:
This paper seeks to look at the way that in Kyrgyzstan men's roles in bride kidnapping (the process of kidnapping a woman and forcing her into marriage) is more complicated than often reported, and that there is often more resistance from the supposed groom than might be expected. By considering men's experiences in situations of bride kidnapping the paper sheds new light on understandings of bride kidnapping and the gendered dynamics at play.
In a number of countries throughout Central Asia the practice of bride kidnapping has reemerged in the Post-Soviet period, often as an expression of bringing back 'traditional' culture. How this issue has been managed varies through the region. In Kyrgyzstan, while the practice is technically illegal, the enforcement of the law is limited for variety reasons. These women are taken by force, and are often subjected to rape. This practice is part of a large-scale system of roles and regulations that constrain the actors in a variety of ways.
Building on the work of Borbieva (2012) and Kim (2016), this paper shows a lack of engagement with men's roles and relations within the bride kidnapping process. Through an analysis of interviews with men who have been involved in bride kidnappings and in-depth fieldwork throughout various parts of Kyrgyzstan, this paper builds a complex and nuanced portrait of the broader system of relations and roles that comprise the process of bride kidnapping. In this paper we argue for the need for further research and analysis of the roles that men play in these interactions, and how these roles are not simply one of men's simple exertion of authority, but are more complicated than they might at first appear.
This paper is part of a larger project connected with research done with UN Women.