Paper short abstract:

The Maasai pastoralists in the Northern Tanzania conducts pastoralism in a aridity conditions and climate change has strained pastoralism. To sustain the industry, migration to pastoral resources endowed and farmers dominated districts resulting in herder-farmers endless conflicts.

Paper long abstract:

The Maasai pastoralists in the Northern Tanzania conducts pastoralism in aridity conditions. Droughts have plagued the Maasai pastoralism for centuries. The climate modelling and experiments have shown that East African Rift Valleys experience dry conditions as a result of water vapor being directed towards Central Africa. Tectonic development has shaped the area's rainfall distribution that affects water and vapor availability for livestock and human consumption. Climate change is an additional challenge to strained pastoralism among the Maasai in Northern Tanzania as drought due unreliable rainfall has for decades been a common phenomenon.

The aridity conditions has enabled the Maasai to innovate and develop knowledge to cope with drought conditions. the innovated knowledge proved useful in decision making and in designing climate change adaptation strategies in utilising scarce available pastoral resource-dependent livelihoods. Where necessary, the pastoralist have migrated to southern parts of the country where crop farming is dominant.

In these new locations, pastoralists have made meat accessible as its price is reasonable. The pastoralist are also assured of access to food crops. Generally, business is thriving. Despite mentioned advantages, conflicts, violent escalations between farmer and herders are regular phenomenon, some of which have led to deaths and injuries also tens of legal disputes.

Intervention by government are short-lived and land use policies are ignored that results in endless conflicts between the two, herders and farmers.