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- Convenor:
-
Gulmira Sultangalieva
(Al-Farabi Kazakh national university)
Send message to Convenor
- Chair:
-
Gulmira Sultangalieva
(Al-Farabi Kazakh national university)
- Discussant:
-
Alexander Morrison
(University of Oxford)
- Formats:
- Panel
- Theme:
- History
- Location:
- Room 109
- Sessions:
- Friday 24 June, -
Time zone: Asia/Tashkent
Short Abstract:
The social transformation of the Kazakh nomadic society began with the introduction of new administrative-territorial structures in the Steppe and formed new standards, values and attributes of power in 19 century ( ranking order, imperial awards, uniform)
Long Abstract:
This panel consideres the process of social changes in the Kazakh society during the 19th century through the analysis of office documentations (petitions, letters, reports of Kazakh nomad elite and Russian administration). The social transformation of the Kazakh nomadic society began with the introduction of new administrative-territorial structures in the Steppe (outer district area, divisions, volosts, distances, auls) and, accordingly, new symbols of power appeared. In the first half of the XIX century the symbolic representation of the new system of power (the institution of senior sultans and sultan-rulers) was spread of ranking order in the Steppe (assignment of a military or civil rank), the award system of the Russian Empire (medals, orders of St. Anna, St. Stanislav, St. Vladimir), the construction of a single uniform for officials - Kazakhs. The introduction of imperial standards and values in the Steppe contributed to the gradual inclusion of the Kazakh elite in this process and the emergence of new attributes of power in the Steppe.
Based on this, questions arise: How did the Kazakh nomadic elite fit into the new management system? What individual strategies did she undertake to maintain her influence and power in the new conditions? What social changes took place in the status of chinigizids (ak suyek) and biy elders (kara suyek).
The first speaker Dalaeyva Tenlik will analyze the composition of the existing dynasties of Kazakh sultan families in the territory of the Middle Zhuz in the 19th century and their social practices of interaction with each other and with the Russian administration. She try to explain the competition between sultans and ‘black bone’ ( biis and starshis) for the positions of volost sultans, and then for the positions of senior sultans. As a result of the gradual establishment of the Russian Empire in the steppe space of the Middle Zhuz, the Kazakh sultans gradually began to lose their positions in managing the subordinate population.
The second speaker Tuleshova Ulzan will discuss the nobility in the genus Valihanov - descendants of Ablai, Khan Middle Juz, was represented by the noble general of Chigen, Chingiz, and Ghazi-Bulat Valihanov. To study the personalities and activities of representatives of this dynasty, focusing on the prism of historical time and situation, it is possible to identify the characteristic features of the social and cultural transformation during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
The third speaker Abdrahim Miras reveals motives of Kazakh nomad elite for entering the civil service of of the Semirechensk oblast through using both archival materials and materials of oral folk art of the Kazakh people. Moreover he will pay attention of the positions of local officials in Semirechansk region, who viewed the civil service as a “social lift” for the realization of their career prospects.
Accepted papers:
Session 1 Friday 24 June, 2022, -Miras Abdrakhim (Al-Farabi Kazakh National University)
Paper long abstract:
When studying the motives of Kazakh officials entering the civil service in the Semirechensk oblast (region) in the second half of the XIX century, it is very important to consider their ancestral-family, social and other origins. Because these factors determined their interests in serving the local administration.
Here it is important to consider the motives of serving the colonial apparatus of officials, considering their social origin. The diversity of this category gives an idea of the reasons for becoming officials in the administration.
Also interesting are the positions of local officials who viewed the civil service as a “social lift” for the realization of their career prospects.
It is also important to pay special attention to Kazakh officials who went to serve “in the footsteps of their father”, such as the Syrttanov brothers, who entered the civil service “obeying the will of their father”.
In addition, the study of this topic has an interdisciplinary character, because, in order to solve this problem, it is necessary to consider it comprehensively. It will be very important to use both archival materials and materials of oral folk art of the Kazakh people. This makes it possible to consider this problem from different sides.
Ulzhan Tuleshova (Al Farabi Kazakh National University)
Paper short abstract:
In the context of two-sided influence (old and new), the vital activity of Kazakh nobles had complex, stratified biographies. The nobility in the genus Valihanov - descendants of Ablai Khan was represented by the noble genera of Chigen, Chingiz, and Ghazi-Bulat Valihanov.
Paper long abstract:
Since the beginning of the 19th century, due to imperial political events in Kazakh society, there have been significant changes: a new social stratification of Kazakh society according to the model of imperial class structure has begun to appear. Representatives of the Kazakh population, participating in the social and political system of the Russian Empire, became part of it but preserved traditional features of life and culture.
The Kazakh nobles, being part of the Russian noble genera, were included in the administrative administration of the Steppe as imperial officials, had attributes of Russian officials, were introduced into the military and civil service, and enjoyed class privileges available to them. In the context of this two-sided influence (old and new), the vital activity of Kazakh nobles, who also had complex, stratified biographies, should also be considered.
The nobility in the genus Valihanov - descendants of Ablai, Khan Middle Juz, was represented by the noble genera of Chigen, Chingiz, and Ghazi-Bulat Valihanov. To study the personalities and activities of representatives of this dynasty, focusing on the prism of historical time and situation, it is possible to identify the characteristic features of the social and cultural transformation during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Tenlik Dalayeva (Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University)
Paper short abstract:
On the basis of the archival and published materials, the composition of the existing dynasties of Kazakh sultan families in the territory of the Middle Zhuz in the 19th century and their social practices of interaction with each other and with the Russian administration will be analyzed.
Paper long abstract:
On the basis of the identified archival and published materials, the composition of the existing dynasties of Kazakh sultan families in the territory of the Middle Zhuz in the 19th century and their social practices of interaction with each other and with the Russian administration will be analyzed. The heterogeneity of the Kazakh society and the dispersion of the Kazakhs forced the Russian administration to pursue a policy of maneuvering between clans and groups, between representatives of the aristocracy from the "white bone" and "black bone".
In the first quarter of the 19th century, the implementation of administrative reforms on the territory of the Kazakh steppe of the Siberian department was launched. In 1822, on the territory of the Middle Zhuz, they began to design outer districts (okrugs), the population of which was Kazakhs. The sultans, as representatives of the "white bone", became the social group from whose midst it was supposed to attract to the positions of management of the outer district (okrug) and volosts. However, in quantitative terms, the sultans were inferior to the biys and foremen (starshina) from the "black bone", who began to compete with the sultans for the positions of volost sultans, and then for the positions of senior sultans.
The individual strategies of the Kazakh sultans of the Middle Zhuz in the exercise of power in the 19th century acquired different directions and social practices. In the context of the gradual displacement of the norms of customary law and the spread of the legislation of the Russian Empire, in each of the eight outer districts, certain sultan families were represented, who were recruited into the service of the empire and were awarded awards and ranks. At the same time, those sultanic groups also operated in the border area, which sought to maintain an independent existence as far as possible.
As a result of the gradual establishment of the Russian Empire in the steppe space of the Middle Zhuz, the Kazakh sultans gradually began to lose their positions in managing the subordinate population.