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- Convenor:
-
Marta Romero-Delgado
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- Location:
- ATB G114
Short Abstract
This panel analyses the links between violence and exclusion in different countries of Latin America.
Long Abstract
The violence has been studied from different theoretical points of view. For the analysis of violence it is necessary to perceive its instrumental effect and its historical approach (Martín-Baro, 1983).
In groups or societies organized in a asymmetry of power (by gender, ethnicity, age or class) violence cannot be analyzed as an isolated event, but as part of a process of interaction that is enhanced by the rules of domination or submission.
We will also see the possible outcomes of the use of violence by the social actors: it can bring them power through their demands or struggles or, on the contrary, it can bring a loss of legitimacy for using such violence.
Accepted papers
Session 1Paper short abstract
This article examines the role of Chilean human rights organizations as advocates of the global regime against torture during 1990-2006. Based on extensive field research, it shows the weakness of domestic NGOs to take advantage of the opportunities opened with the arrest of Pinochet in London.
Paper long abstract
The arrest of Pinochet in London in 1998 for crimes of torture opened for the first time a enormous window of international opportunity to put the problem of torture survivors of the dictatorship on the public agenda. This article examines the consequences of that breakthrough event for International Law and International Relations, exploring the role of Chilean human rights organizations as advocates of the global governance regime against torture during 1990-2006. Based on extensive field research and drawing on the Spiral Model of Human Rights Change (Risse, Ropp and Sikkink, 1999), this article shows the weakness of domestic organizations to take advantage of the existent opportunities. It concludes that rhetorical action tactics have been ineffective to persuade three consecutive governments to advance on the rights of the forgotten victims of the military regime under democracy.
Paper short abstract
Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Central-West Brazil, this paper aims to problematize common sense and official positions on the status of victim/perpetrator of violence, assuming the point of view of paradoxical subject making processes among returnees of trafficking in persons.
Paper long abstract
As part of a transnational and multi-sited research on the discursive practices of the human trafficking paradigm, this paper is based, in particular, on ethnographic fieldwork in Central-West Brazil and it seeks to explore the ambiguity permeating the constructions and experiences of violence amongst returnees of trafficking in persons (TIP). Violence is considered as a thick arena-concept through which different positionings and conceptions can be given voice, showing the dynamic plurivocality of its construction and its incidence in defining the subject position of the victim of TIP. Without disregarding a macro perspective locating social actors inside realities of symbolic violence (Bourdieu 1998), structural violence (Farmer 1997), invisible violence (Žižek 2007) and social suffering (Das et alii. 1997), nonetheless subjectivity constitutes the key interpretative tool. It is indeed assumed the standpoint of the paradoxical process of subjection between subject making and subordination (Butler 1997), where the experience of violence is taken as both empowering and disempowering. Suffering associated to violence is considered relational and transformative: it is crucial in gaining community and social recognition and inclusion on the part of multi-positioned, desiring and emotional subjectivites. The aim is to problematize common sense and official positions on the relatively recent status of "victim of violence", exploring the (re)generative and empowering force of this last one. Never the less, the limits of post-trafficking subjects' creativity and agency in search of social inclusion, through processes of sense-making and local worlds re-inhabiting, are reflected on.
Paper short abstract
What happens when women transgress the gender role assigned to her? During the last Peruvian conflict many women joined both armed groups (Shining Path and MRTA). Usually in these cases, the women receive a much more severe social punishment than their male counterparts, why?
Paper long abstract
From 1980 to 2000, Peru experienced an internal war between the armed groups (Peruvian Communist Party-Shining Path, PCP-SL, and Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement, MRTA) and the Peruvian government. This conflict left nearly 70,000 casualties according Peruvian Commission of Truth and Reconciliation (CVR, 2003). Many women joined in these groups, especially in PCP-SL, and transgressing the gender role assigned to women, which shows women as peacemakers "by nature". An ideal reinforced by the Peruvian governments, media and academia.
This presentation emphasizes the social and political factors, which have influenced on the presence of women in wars. I analyze the meaning of the war for these women's lives. Particular attention is paid to the breakdown and reconstruction of the women's identity that were forced to perform. An evaluation of the women's experiences is also included.