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- Convenor:
-
Cynthia Machado Campos
(King's College London)
Send message to Convenor
- Location:
- UP 4.211
- Start time:
- 11 April, 2013 at
Time zone: Europe/London
- Session slots:
- 1
Short Abstract:
This panel discusses Latin American migration to Europe and Asia in different dimensions. It takes into consideration not only economic aspects of understanding the subject, but also the social, political and religious reasons to explain a migrant's decision to remain or return to their homeland.
Long Abstract:
This panel will be considering, from a range of different angles Latin American migration to Europe and Asia. The discussion will begin with the migrations that occurred in the 1960s, and will continue to the present day. One objective will be to consider the social, political and religious aspects of migration, as well as the economic to approach the subject more profoundly. During the military dictatorship, compulsory expatriation and voluntary exile had an impact on Brazilian culture at the end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s, when the exiles returned. What might have happened if the migrants had not returned? What are the reasons to return and not to return? There seems to be a consensus among researchers that economic motivations alone cannot account for the movements of these people. This leads to other questions: How can patriotism, family loyalty, friendship and a sense of 'belonging' explain a migrant's decision to remain in their host country or to return to their homeland? There are other aspects to be considered such as stability, education, integration and prejudice. Conversely, it will be important to investigate the effects of instability, lack of education, non-integration and situations in which prejudice is not evident. Political and social insecurity (or security) should also be considered as affecting migrant communities. Concerning the matter of security, one more question arises: What is the role of cooperation policies?
Accepted papers:
Session 1Adelia Silva (Universidade de Lisboa)
Paper short abstract:
A comunicação tem como tema principal a imigração brasileira contemporânea, e como objetivo compreender quais os fatores que contribuem para que os imigrantes brasileiros optem por permanecer em Portugal frente as instabilidades económicas e socias que a Europa em geral enfrenta.
Paper long abstract:
A comunicação é resultado da dissertação de Mestrado em Políticas de Desenvolvimento de Recursos Humanos, tem como temática a imigração brasileira contemporânea, como objetivo compreender quais sãos os fatores que contribuem para que os imigrantes brasileiros optem por permanecer em Portugal diante das mudanças económicas e socias que a Europa em geral enfrenta.
Conforme Peixoto (2011), a crise aumentando a taxa de desemprego e isso pode ser percebida de uma forma particularmente mais intensa dentro das comunidades imigrantes. Paralelamente a estagnação europeia, acontece um fenômeno inverso, uma prosperidade e crescimento da economia brasileira, que apresenta crescimentos do PIB e diminuição na taxa média de desemprego.
Por se tratar de uma dinâmica muito recente não existem dados estatísticos fiáveis sobre o volume de retorno atual de Portugal para o Brasil. Podendo, muitas vezes, ser sútis e variados os efeitos. Dessa forma a pesquisa procurou compreender qual é a resposta dada por estes imigrantes a crise que afeta o país de acolhimento. Retornar, transitar ou permanecer?
Para o efeito, adota uma abordagem qualitativa e suporta-se em entrevistas em profundidade junto de 14 imigrados procurando analisar as suas trajectórias, as vivências e intenções de mobilidade geográfica identificando as interacções entre os factores relevantes para a decisão de permanecer, retornar ou transitar para outro espaço social.
O estudo conclui que a abordagem económica não basta para compreender as decisões, que há outros fatores de natureza afectiva, social, política e religiosa que contribuem para melhor perceber estes movimentos migratórios em situação de crise.
Megha Amrith (Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity )
Paper short abstract:
This paper considers the challenges posed to the identity of contemporary São Paulo in recent years as a result of newer waves of migration to the city and the new debates and the new forms of diversity that has accompanied this migration.
Paper long abstract:
In this paper, I will consider different visions of São Paulo's contemporary identity in the light of newer waves of international migrants arriving in the city in recent years. It argues that although Brazil, and in particular São Paulo as Brazil's largest and most culturally diverse city, projects an image of itself as open, hospitable and cosmopolitan, more recent waves of migration since the 1980s have revealed the exclusions in these self-representations.
Drawing on different ethnographic moments and narratives, the paper demonstrates how, for example, these recent migrants are not a part of the official narrative of São Paulo's diversity, which is instead based on the city's historical experience of immigration; that there is a selectivity in the discourse about immigration which portrays some kinds of migrants as more 'desirable' than others; and that migrants experience exclusions on the basis of language, as well as on the basis of race, as an emergent discourse on racism and xenophobia reveals. The paper also investigates the limits of national and municipal policies to address the everyday needs of low-income migrants and refugees.
Through these examples, the paper considers the ways in which migration and mobility in the contemporary period are destabilising questions of identity and belonging in Brazil's most diverse city. It examines a crucial moment as the Brazilian government and civil society debate possible changes to the legislation concerning immigration and how this is being expressed in the urban space of São Paulo.
Cynthia Machado Campos (King's College London)
Paper short abstract:
In this paper I will discuss the effects of the exile of young Brazilian people from their homeland during the military dictatorship of the 1960s 70s, and the consequent migration of many of them to London.
Paper long abstract:
This paper focuses on the impact of returning exiled young Brazilians upon the cultural arena in Sao Paulo at the end of the 1970s and start of the 80s.
In 1968 the military government of Brazil closed channels of political debate and censored the media, causing many young people, mainly students, to take to the streets to demonstrate against the government. After 1969, many Brazilians, especially those who had engaged in violent political movements, were deported from the country. Some were sentenced to compulsory expatriation while others went into voluntary exile. Most migrated to European cities and some settled in London.
When they returned to Brazil at the end of 1970s, they had been heavily influenced by young people's movements in Europe, and had consequently changed their habits and behaviour. Life in London had made many rethink their violent, militant and radical practices, and caused them to engage in more peaceful democratic movements for political, economical and social changes in Brazil. This Diaspora of Brazilians to London also resulted in the establishment of what was called 'counterculture' on their return to Brazil at the start of 1980s, and affected musical movements such as Tropicalia. The Glastonbury festival influenced the 'Aguas Claras' festival in Sao Paulo in the 1970s. Furthermore, British bands hugely influenced the Sao Paulo Punk scene in the 1980s.