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- Convenors:
-
Chelsea Fairbank
(University of Maine)
Sarah Dennison (University of Maine)
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- Discussant:
-
Darren Ranco
(University of Maine)
- Format:
- Panel
- Sessions:
- Tuesday 26 October, -
Time zone: Europe/London
Short Abstract:
To ensure colonial injustices are not reified as the globe grasps for sustainability the land back movement, unequivocal honoring of treaties, and Indigenous environmental governance must be centered when proposing climate mitigation goals, conservation efforts, and/or land management policies.
Long Abstract:
Environmental rule often ignores and exacerbates social injustices through logics which favor utilitarian solutions. As the globe wrestles with acute climatic changes, a critical imperative becomes intervening in climate mitigation and sustainability goals, aimed towards the 'common good', which proxy indigeneity while treaty rights and tribal sovereignties continue to be sublimated. For example, climate mitigation policies contingent upon Indigenous stewardship of 'carbon sinks' act as analytical flashpoints, necessarily understood, as neocolonial attempts to continually manage Indigenous peoples and lands. While climate priorities are imperative, they often (re)produce slippages which thin Indigenous political agency and self-determined
strategies of environmental governance. In order to generate a negotiated and diplomatic existence between tribes, settler governments, and the technocratic regulatory bodies which continue to occupy native lands this session will interrogate emergent and ongoing expressions of environmental coloniality situated within settler states and, often, operationalized through policies concerned with the mitigation of climatic changes and/or conservation policies. While the effects of settler colonialism and genocide are still being experienced by most North American tribes and more-than-humans relations today this panel considers a remediation of harms through the relinquishment of stolen lands. Concurrently, this panel explores the return of Indigenous lands as a preemptive and necessary condition that situates social justice squarely within ecological terms. Where do climate mitigation efforts, conservation strategies, and land management policies conflict with tribal sovereignties, where may they align, and what tensions must be navigated in order to produce a new playbook of socio-ecological relations for the 21st century?
Accepted papers:
Session 1 Tuesday 26 October, 2021, -Paper short abstract:
In Australia, Indigenous peoples have in recent decades been included in environmental protection models first as stakeholders, and then as partners. This paper advocates the host-guest model (Russell & McNiven 2005) to prioritise Indigenous leadership and control of campaigns and research.
Paper long abstract:
In her keynote address to the 2020 RAI conference, Marcia Langford railed against the destruction of the Juukan Gorge site by mining company Rio Tinto, straining the uneasy and unequal alliance between Indigenous traditional owners and extractive capitalism. Just as traditional owners and mining interests hold what Aileen Moreton-Robinson calls incommensurate epistemologies towards land, so too, the history of environmentalism in Australia is often characterised by a similar uneasy ideological incompatibility. From the 1980s, conservationists' highly successful use of tropes of "wilderness" hinged on the erasure of Indigenous peoples from those very landscapes, and claims to "world heritage" simultaneously asserted moral ownership of Indigenous lands to the greater, and presumably better-knowing, world. Progress has been made in the last 40 years, with Indigenous peoples incorporated in environmental protection models first as stakeholders, and then as collaborative partners - both improvements on the erasure of settler colonialism, yet settler-controlled. This paper advocates use of Russell and McNiven's host-guest model in ecological care and climate mitigation efforts. This is predicated on ceding Indigenous control, and the environment movement - and the academy - prioritising Indigenous leadership of campaigns and research. I use the examples of the 1983 fight to save the Franklin River in Tasmania and the 2019 World Heritage listing of the Budj Bim Cultural Site to show the evolution in conservation practice, and the importance of Indigenous-led paradigms, which hinge on recognition that the land - as the saying goes - Always was, and always will be, Aboriginal land
Paper short abstract:
Emergent oil pipelines across Indigenous territories traverse treatied lands and waterscapes, impacting more-than-human constituents. Resistance to these projects emerge from the relationality and responsibilities Indigenous nations enact towards more-than-human beings across their lands.
Paper long abstract:
Increasingly, pipeline construction throughout the settler states of Canada and the United States are experiencing an intensification of vulnerabilities when attempting to traverse Indigenous territories, as these infrastructures present threats to ecological health and cultural continuity. The position of this paper argues that the current contingencies of Indigenous resistance and resurgence alongside the increasing transparency of extractive capitalism, offers an opportunity to exploit the weaknesses in continued oil and gas development through the enactment of Indigenous environmental governance across capitalist-desired lands. Through this, the tensions of structural ongoing coloniality (Wolf, 2013), Western onto-epistemological positions of dominance, and racial capitalism become transformational opportunities towards the deepening of ecological citizenship (Adkin & Miller, 2016). Through renewed emphasis on shared ecological relations, rights, and responsibilities, this paper intends to explore the potentialities of Indigenous environmental governance, operationalized outside the discursive framing of settler states, when confronted with emergent oil and gas infrastructure projects across a warming world.
Paper short abstract:
The paper show that that, while TNCs prefer consistent policies to reduce transaction costs and manage risks, Indigenous movements and associations, governments, and other corporate actors, all play important roles in adapting corporate policies based on global standards to specific localities.
Paper long abstract:
This paper examines how a TNC translates global standards and corporate policies into programs at sites of extraction. This question is explored through a comparative analysis of ExxonMobil's operations in two different political and economic contexts: the Sakhalin-1 project in Russia and the Point Thomson project on the North Slope of Alaska. Evidence was gathered during field work carried out in Sakhalin Island in 2013-2015, and in Alaska in 2015-2018. Theoretically, we meld Governance Generating Network (GGN) and institutionalist approaches to analyze similarities and differences in benefit-sharing and environmental monitoring in both localities. We show that while global commitments and corporate principles contribute to a standardized approach to community engagement, Indigenous movements and associations, the government, and other corporate actors may play important roles in influencing how corporate policies and global standards are implemented at sites of extraction. Adaptation of community engagement, benefit-sharing, and environmental monitoring in one location then may shape how the company's strategies are implemented in other sites of extraction.