Contribution short abstract

Transboundary insecurity in W Park (Benin, Burkina Faso and Niger) intensifies tensions between conservation, community livelihoods and security. This study, grounded in political ecology, analyses how armed violence disrupts biodiversity protection and local resilience in Benin.

Contribution long abstract

Transboundary protected areas face persistent tensions between ecological preservation, the needs of local communities, and security challenges, particularly exacerbated by the presence of armed groups. Based on the political ecology approach, this research examines the impact of cross-border insecurity in W Park located between Benin, Burkina Faso, and Niger on biodiversity conservation and the livelihoods of neighboring communities. The study also analyzed the policies implemented to secure these areas and mitigate tensions. The methodology combines semi-structured interviews with local and institutional actors in the municipality of Karimama and documentary analysis of national and transboundary policies. The findings reveal that insecurity exacerbates socio-economic tensions, particularly through restrictions imposed on local populations and the constant fear they experience due to a rise in abductions and armed attacks. Although anthropogenic pressure on W Park appears to be decreasing, insecurity also hampers ecological monitoring and natural resource management. Armed attacks and the use of explosive devices compromise the protection of ecosystems. Moreover, cross-border divergences in interest among the three countries hinder the effectiveness of security strategies. The study highlights the need to rethink protected area management mechanisms by incorporating participatory and inclusive approaches that combine conservation, security, and social justice to enhance the resilience of ecosystems and neighboring communities in the face of growing challenges