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Accepted Paper:
Survival in Uncertainty: A Study of the Hawkers in an Urban Situation
Sovan Chakraborty
(Calcutta University)
Paper short abstract:
In the present day context each and every human being struggles for his survivality. Urban poor is also searching for new economic option for betterment of their life condition. Hawking, vending, rickshaw pulling etc are the main option for their survival in any urban conglomeration.
Paper long abstract:
Growing unemployment in urban areas has resulted in growth of unorganised sector. The unorganised sector in the urban areas of India has gained attention of the researchers and policy makers in the recent decade. Poverty and lack of productive employment in the rural areas and in the smaller towns force a large numbers of people to the cities in search of better economic opportunity. But it is hard to get proper job in organised sectors as per their wish. Due to lack of skills and lower level of education they remain away from the organised sector. So majority of them work in the unorganised sector and it has become the only means for their survival. But they remain poor as they were in their native place. This profession is people centered, risky and often creates social distance with the near ones. Present paper focuses on the migration, socio-economic condition and health status of the hawkers in three different areas of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. These people depend on their labour mostly to earn their livelihood and often face menace to survive. They depend on the jobs which require less skill, lower education and off course minimum investment. Hawkers are provided with license for doing their jobs by the Union, but they face innumerable problems too. The factors associated with these professions are age, sex, hour invested etc.