The development of modern ethnology and ecological civilization.
Panel PE38 at conference IUAES2013 World Congress: Evolving humanity, emerging worlds.
Modern ethnology and national traditional culture and modernization of the nation and nationalism as the research object is to build national harmony society, national development and prosperity, national unity and progress of services should be further development of modern ethnology.
Long Abstract:
The relationship between human social, cultural and ecological problems , is an important part of modern ethnology . Human society has experienced a primitive civilization , agricultural civilization and industrial civilization , is to build an ecological civilization . The topic mainly focuses on the ecological environment of the national culture ; environmental governance and the development of national culture ; ecological environment and language ; the inheritance and development of the primitive civilization of the world nation today , the agricultural civilization inheritance and development , industrial civilization inheritance and development of research ; backward case study of the construction of ecological civilization of the ethnic areas , mountain areas of ecological civilization construction case studies ; the ecological branch disciplines of ethnology building .
Modern ethnology and national traditional culture and modernization of the nation and nationalism as the research object is to build national harmony society , national development and prosperity , national unity and progress of services should be further development of modern ethnology .
This paper proposes that the eco-anthropology must be analyzed from culture, and the human constructs his own culture in the ecosystem, which the human culture not only deviates in the natural system, but also in the returning to natural system.
Paper long abstract:
With the related papers and works of it arising unceasingly, the ecological anthropology, an emerging discipline, will take a long way to become a genuine discipline, though it has already evoked a universal interest in the contemporary China. From the theoretical framework of eco-anthropology, no conclusions can have been reached so far, as opinions on the its research programs and subjects vary. As far as its nature of this discipline is concerned, the ecological-anthropology should be a cultural anthropology on the human ecology. Therefore, in the aspect of culture, this paper is trying to understand and answer all ecological questions which the human society faces. It should be an undisputed fact; in fact, there are too many different opinions on ecosystem which the contemporary society faces. Some scholars initiate anthropocentrism, and more maintains ecological-centrism. This paper proposes that the eco-anthropology must be analyzed from culture, and the human constructs his own culture in the ecosystem, which the human culture not only deviates in the natural system, but also in the returning to natural system. So, the human should insist on his cultural centralism.
This paper takes the economic development pattern change of Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County in Guangdong for example,inquiring into how local Yao nationality response to regional man-land relationship evolution through changing economic development pattern by fieldwork method.
Paper long abstract:
At present International Society widely focus on the problem of climate change,which essentially is problem of man-land relationship.After a long period of exploration,the contemporary people tend to fulfill harmonious coexistence of human and nature by building ecological civilization in terms of the interrelationship between human society and natural environment.the paper takes the Eco-tourism Development of Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County in Guangdong for example,authors discover by fieldwork method that economic development patterns of Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County have been changing among developing of human civilization-from the old slash-and-burn of primitive civilization to mountain farming of agricultural civilization and to return the grain plots to forestry of ecological civilization by developing of eco-tourism.It is response that regional man-land relational evolution reacts to climate change of the earth.Yao ethnic of Ruyuan have turned "hunters' and "loggers" in the past into "green makers" and "defenders" at present.
Key words:Man-land relationship,Change of developing pattern,Eco-tourism,Yao ethnic of Ruyuan,Guangdong province
Establish the World Human Beings' Day on October 9 each year for an advanced culture and education system, which is an platform for connection between the excellent traditional cultural education and the advanced cultural education of being humans.
Paper long abstract:
Based on the importance of being a human, the author recommended to the international communities and the United Nations that the whole societies around the world should start to care the problems of being a human, establish the World Human Beings' Day on October 9 each year for an advanced culture and education system, which is an platform for connection between the excellent traditional cultural education and the advanced cultural education of being humans. This paper analyzes the philosophical, cultural, scientific connotation and the core values of being harmonious human, brings the goal and significance of being a human, and the cultural and social value of establishing World Human Beings Day. This paper also illustrates the importance and necessity of establishing World Human Beings' Day. The author brings the new cultural concept of being a human which is a proposal to the development of humans' modern development and the future development of harmonious life from a general cultural point of view. This is not only a new concept in the global civilization and ethics, but also a creation of a new relationship among humans based on harmonious life. The concept complements with the International Anthropological and Ethnic Studies, and the building of a harmonious society and a harmonious world, which has important and historical significant to the nowadays and to the future generations.
In this thesis the author explores in the case the impression which the nationality has played to the Dong in YangLan villiage of TongDao autonomous county in HuNan. We can see that state power strongly penetrate and intervene the change of the means of living of local society.
Paper long abstract:
The transformation of state power leads to the change of the means of living of local society. In this thesis the author explores in the case the impression which the nationality has played to the Dong in YangLan villiage of TongDao autonomous county in HuNan. Before liberation, the weak country power is far away the "dong" society. But after the new state establishing, progressively penetrating of the state power made the means of living in this region getting through the process -----planting the rice from the glutinous rice to the long-grained, forestry destroying and recovering again and again, carrying out the family contracting responsibility system; and the new economic form such as "worker economic " .we can see that state power strongly penetrate and intervene the change of the change of the means of living of local society.
Ethnic Yi created their own traditional culture, which includes the lineage system, produce and living customs, village rules and etc. The traditional culture stipulates and adjusts the relation between human being and nature. It is an important resource in maintaining the balance of nature.
Paper long abstract:
During the long period of social life and practice, ethnic Yi has created their own traditional culture, including the lineage system, producing and living customs, village rules and etc. The traditional culture, rich in ecological intelligence and skills, stipulates and adjusts the relationship between human beings and nature and gives full scope to ecological maintenance. Having done field researches in Puti village, the author discovered that ethnic Yi there kept the balanced eco-environment by the lineage system, maintained the biodiversity by taboos and conventions, and harmonized their habitation environment by village rules. After being excavated and arranged, it will become an important resource in maintaining the balance of nature.
Based on the case study of Maduo in the source area of Yellow River, the paper studies the ecological environment and livelihood of the Tibetan. It is found out that the traditional Tibetan livelihood could not only make the efficient use of the ecosystem, but also carefully protect the environment.
Paper long abstract:
In recent years, the ecological fragile link of the source area of the Yellow River has been impacted by the unreasonable resource utilization, and consequently a series of ecological catastrophe have been caused. Based on the case study of the first county in the source area of the Yellow River, Maduo county in Qinghai province, the paper studies the ecological environment and the traditional livelihood of the Tibetan from the view of ecology and anthropology. In July 2009 and August 2010, the research team of the institute of anthropology and ethnology from Jishou University went to Maduo. It is found out that the traditional Tibetan livelihood could effectively avoid the fragile link of the local ecosystem, and the Tibetan people could not only make the efficient use of the local ecosystem, but also carefully protect the environment. The permafrost underground is the key restrictive factor of plant growth in this area. The permafrost, humus horizon and peat horizon constitute the fragile link of the ecosystem. With long-term production experience, the Tibetan residents could realize the special function of the humus horizon and peat horizon. Once the fragile link was disturbed, the yield of grass would decline, land desertification would grow and even the whole ecosystem would degenerate completely. So, in the process of production, they seldom turn over the soil. For the ecological security of the source area of the Yellow River, the traditional livelihood of the Tibetan should particularly be protected and utilized.
QIAN JI Xue Xiao Zhi records the school-owned lannd in detail which could reflect the conference of living method and environmental background between ethnic groups in Gui Zhou Ming dynasty.
Paper long abstract:
QIAN JI is a history book writing by Guo Zi-zhang in Ming Dynasty. The Xue Xiao Zhi in the book records the school field in detail which could reflect the conference of living method and environmental background between ethnic groups in Gui Zhou. For example, Wu Sa Wei has buckwheat as rent for the school field, which in fact has deep connection with the local wet and rainy weather and a large number of planting buckwheat in local Yi and Hui People. For another example, Qing Ping Wei and Si Zhou fu has "Shou" and "Bian" in the rent as unit of measure for grain, which reflects the living method of planting glutinous rice in local Dong and Miao people. In all, we could review the history scene of the environmental background only if we study the history material intensively.
According to a Guangxi village, this paper attempt to explain the change Na Cun Zhuang livelihoods from subsistence agriculture to commercial agriculture ,which is a part of c globalization.
Paper long abstract:
According to the Guangxi village, for example, attempt to explain the change Na Cun Zhuang livelihoods from subsistence agriculture to commercial agriculture is the end of the twentieth Century economy, part of culture globalization, from a distant place consumers will bring certain pressure through the specific market resources and environment to a certain place. Na Cun Zhuang as agricultural producers, responsible for the country's development of modern economy task, this task will eventually be passed on to the use of land resources, in order to narrow the economic gap between urban and rural areas, local governments are encouraging farmers to plant sugar cane single economic crop, actively promote the agricultural science and technology, encourage this has disrupted the traditional local people farming system, has also brought environmental crisis. Change the way of living in social structure Na Cun Zhuang has changed dramatically, sugarcane intensive cultivation and harvest a large demand for seasonal labor, a large number of Vietnam cheap labor immigration, become an indispensable part of sugarcane industry link. Mutual traditional villagers gradually lost support, relative neighborhood relations and productive collaboration is changed, the internal village solidarity in the face major challenges.
Every ethnic can change the environment by utilizing their culture. Once the environment in which the ethnic lives is in good circulation, the ethnic will live in harmony with environment.
Paper long abstract:
The ideal habitat for traditional Dong ethnic groups is the riverside. To fulfill such living conditions, the Dong ethnic groups of Huanggang, who lived in the hilly dryland, managed to transform the arid land into water land by utilizing their culture. Therefore, their ethnic culture handed down. The Dong ethnic groups made their living environment a combination of water land and hilly land in the following ways: improve traditional stilted houses, divert rivers and then build ponds within the villages; dig the hilly land into terraced fields and build weirs to keep water; improve the original trees of the primary ecosystem and cultivate fir trees in the hilly land. The Dong ethnic groups largely extended the paddy fields in the hilly land, which lead to the flourish of aquatic organisms in such hilly area as well, which increased the biodiversity there. Therefore, even though the original ecosystem has been modified by the Dong ethnic group, the ecosystem is still in a stable state, biodiversity there has been increased and the ecological landscape has also been built.
The reason why the Dong ethnic group could make this kind of transformation is that they made efforts to imitate the original ecosystem in the modification: they not only followed the natural rules, but also tried to restrict the modification. In the meantime, the Dong people maintained their artificial ecosystem by their efficient management system so that there is much consultive value to nowadays' ecological construction.
This thesis explores the community's internal relations and the changing process of social structure through the process of establishing rural market by business immigration of Southwest China from Qing dynasty.
Paper long abstract:
With the development of timber trade, people participated in this process and was involved in tax system of empery.As a result,the local people moved and it attracted more and more immigration to come. All of this brought a great change to the social composition, including the village relations and the space structure.
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