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- Convenors:
-
Lena Dallywater
(Leibniz Institute for Regional Geography)
Helder Adegar Fonseca (University of Évora)
Chris Saunders (University of Cape Town)
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- Chairs:
-
Lena Dallywater
(Leibniz Institute for Regional Geography)
Matteo Grilli (University of Padova)
- Discussants:
-
Alba Martín Luque
(University of Florence, Italy)
Barbora Menclová (Charles University)
Robin E. Möser (University of Potsdam)
- Format:
- Roundtable
- Streams:
- History (x) Decoloniality & Knowledge Production (y)
- Location:
- Philosophikum, S67
- Start time:
- 1 June, 2023 at
Time zone: Europe/Berlin
- Session slots:
- 1
Short Abstract:
The roundtable is designed as discussion of newest findings on aspects of the role of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union in the decolonisation of Africa. Participants in the round table illuminate aspects of this history, whilst emphasizing legacies and reverberations up until the present day.
Long Abstract:
The roundtable will draw on new sources to explore some of the networks that were shaped through the movement of individuals and ideas from Africa to the "East" and from the "East" to Africa in the decades in which African countries moved to independence. The history of the ties that existed between African liberation movements and the socialist bloc will be of particular interest. Following the conference theme, participants in the round table will on the one hand illuminate selected aspects of this history, whilst on the other hand emphasizing legacies and reverberations of these contacts up until the present day. The global multilateral conflicts during the Cold War era were based not only on military clashes, recent scholarship shows, but also on large-scale assistance to decolonized states such as humanitarian aid, trade exchange, scholarships, and transfer of expertise. Entanglements range from diplomacy in the field of nuclear policies to the circulation of imaginaries through movies and still images. Teasing out the economic, political and cultural dimension, the roundtable is designed as discussion of newest findings on aspects of the role of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union in the decolonisation of Africa, simultaneously serving as book launch of a collective volume published by the panelists in the first half of 2023 (with a small reception, kindly organised by De Gruyter, Berlin).
Accepted papers:
Session 1Paper short abstract:
This presentation explores Eastern visual strategies in solidarity with liberation movements, and their reverberations in todays’ visual memories of the struggles for liberation, in the case study of the collaboration that the Yugoslav state-run newsreel Filmske novosti established with FRELIMO.
Paper long abstract:
This presentation explores Eastern visual strategies in solidarity with liberation movements, and their reverberations in todays’ visual memories of the struggles for liberation, in the case study of the collaboration established between the Yugoslav state-run newsreel Filmske Novosti and FRELIMO. In so doing, I collate the sources I found at the very understudied archives of FRELIMO, hosted in Maputo, and the archives of some of FRELIMO's main solidarity movements (mostly at ACOA archives, in New Orleans, and the archives of the Dutch Angola Committee (AC) in Amsterdam), with the research published by visual historians R. Vučetić and M. Turajlić, based on Filmske novosti's archives in Belgrade. From Filmske novosti's collaboration resulted one of FRELIMO’s most known documentary films: Venceremos (Popovik, 1967). This film was later widely used as the main supplier of stock images to the humanitarian propaganda produced by some of the main western solidarity movements to FRELIMO. Additionally, Filmkse novosti also trained Jose Soares in Belgrade. He was FRELIMO’s main camera man, and head of the little-known team of guerrilla-photographers of FRELIMO’s Department of Information and Propaganda. In 1975, when FRELIMO won state power, a Filmkse novosti’s team went back to Tanzania to film two of the most emblematic documentary films about Mozambique’s independence. Widely distributed at the Mozambican television, these Yugoslav made films are crucial part of the visual memory of FRELIMO’s struggle today.
Paper short abstract:
The contribution sheds light on how the South Africans came to sign the NPT, bringing to the fore the role played by Soviet delegates in the process. This is a new perspective, which includes considering several entanglements and connections between apartheid diplomats and their Soviet counterparts.
Paper long abstract:
This contribution sheds light on how the South Africans came to accede to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), bringing to the fore the role played by Soviet delegates at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna. This is a new perspective, hitherto absent from scholarly accounts. It includes considering several entanglements and connections between apartheid diplomats and their Soviet counterparts in various international fora, despite the absence of official bilateral relations between the two states from the early 1960s. From the mid-1980s, an unlikely close relationship developed between Pretoria’s and Moscow’s permanent representatives to the IAEA in Vienna, and the mutual trust built during various encounters towards the end of the 1980s helped bring South Africa’s nuclear infrastructure under IAEA auspices. I look at the influence of the diplomats of the NPT-Depository States (the UK, the USSR, and the US), whose officials had long attempted to drive NPT negotiations forward with Pretoria’s diplomats, and include consideration of their joint role in achieving South Africa’s accession to the NPT in 1991. I focus specifically on Soviet diplomacy between 1987, when multiparty efforts gained momentum with the aim of getting Pretoria’s leaders back at the negotiation table with the Depositories, and 1991, when South Africa finally acceded to the Treaty.
Paper short abstract:
This paper examines not yet explored part of Czechoslovak cooperation with Angola after 1975. Analysis of Czechoslovak expertise in this African state contributes to the current academic discussion about the role of smaller socialist states in the Cold War competition in the Global South.
Paper long abstract:
The Czechoslovak expertise in independent Angola, which has not yet been the subject of broader research interest, became one of the most important cooperations between both states after the Angolan independence in 1975. The paper examines the motivations of the actors involved in this policy, its evolution, and its outcomes. The aim is to show a new dimension of interactions between the East and South, reconsider the role of smaller socialist states in the global Cold War and find if there are some reverberations of this policy in the present.