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Short abstract:

Exploring Positive Energy Districts' role in the urban energy transformation of the EU, this study highlights the lines of conflict between innovation and values such as equity and inclusivity, advocating for a restorative justice approach to address normative uncertainties.

Long abstract:

This paper critically examines the development and implementation of Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) in the European Union, focusing on their potential to address or exacerbate structural injustices within urban energy transformations. By employing a document-based critical thematic analysis, the study unveils how PEDs, despite their innovative approach to decarbonization and energy efficiency, risk overlooking the intricate realities of structural injustices, thereby potentially perpetuating existing social inequalities. The research underscores the conflict between technocentric decarbonization efforts and the need for social sustainability, highlighting the tension between economic viability and social equity, as well as the preference for new building developments over retrofitting existing structures. Through a restorative justice lens, the paper proposes strategies to embed social equity and participatory governance in the planning and implementation of PEDs, aiming to ensure that urban energy transformations contribute to a just and inclusive future. By providing empirical insights into the emerging lines of conflict between value systems and energy transitions, the paper advocates for an integrated approach that prioritizes environmental integrity alongside social justice. This research contributes to the panel by providing a deeper understanding of the normative challenges and opportunities presented by energy system transformations, proposing pathways to navigate the complexities of aligning energy innovations with societal values.