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Short abstract:

This contribution investigates ongoing innovations in pathology, particularly the integration of AI into diagnostic workflows. Utilizing ethnographic methods—interviews, observations, and filming—we reveal nuanced insights into the labor, craft and evolving ethical debates within the field.

Long abstract:

The daily work of pathologists, unseen and unknown to most of us, is undergoing fundamental transitions with widespread consequences. Pathology labs worldwide are switching from analogue to digital workspaces; many digitalized labs are also beginning to integrate AI into diagnostic workflows. It’s still unclear to what extent these systems will impact clinicians’ autonomy, under what circumstances these systems should be trusted, and how their use will impact the distribution of responsibilities. Our study aimed to maximize our empirical insights into these issues. At the same time, we were committed to informing a broad range of stakeholders and providing meaningful ethical guidance on AI implementation within pathology. To achieve this, we employed a multifaceted approach that combined in-depth semi-structured interviews to reveal professionals’ perspectives on the nature of pathology and AI’s possible role in their daily work, participant observations to learn more about how professionals perform their duties and apply their expertise, and an ethnographic film to capture the nuances of professionals’ daily practices. Furthermore, as a team, we approached the topics of digitalization and AI from a variety of backgrounds and and areas of expertise, including bioethics, STS, philosophy, pathology, and narratology. By describing the benefits and downsides of our holistic approach to data collection, analysis, and dissemination, we hope to inspire reflection among researchers grappling with the intricate dynamics of digital transitions in similar contexts. We also hope to contribute valuable perspectives to the ongoing discourse on the responsible use of AI in daily healthcare practices.