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- Convenors:
-
Solava Ibrahim
Vidya Diwakar (IDS)
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- Chairs:
-
Solava Ibrahim
Vidya Diwakar (IDS)
- Format:
- Paper panel
- Stream:
- Social protection, health, and inequality
Short Abstract:
In an uncertain world, recurrent crises hit the poor the most. How do these uncertainties affect marginalised communities? How do they respond – individually and collectively - to these crises? What are the implications of these uncertainties on poverty dynamics at global, national and local levels?
Description:
In a highly polarised world, recurrent crises hit the poor the most. How do these multiple crises affect marginalised communities? How do they respond – individually and collectively - to these crises? What impact do these uncertainties have on poverty dynamics at global, national and local levels?
Increased living costs, growing risk of conflict and climate-related disasters, deepening social polarisation all create new challenges for policymakers and communities alike. The former formulate policies to address these crises and create new opportunities for positive change. The latter seek not only to adapt and survive such challenges; but also use them to show resilience and create new spaces for collective action.
This panel invites proposals that address one or more of the following themes:
• Alternative theorisations of poverty dynamics that are relevant at times of crises and uncertainty. For example, how can the conceptualisation of poverty evolve to address issues of resilience, adaptation and wellbeing in uncertain times.
• Empirical analyses examining the relationship between poverty, uncertainty and resilience. They can range from national analyses of poverty dynamics to local explorations of marginalised communities and the transformative strategies used to create new opportunities at times of crises.
• Studies of policy and anti-poverty strategies that meaningfully engage with the growing ‘polycrisis’ and address the structural factors that lead to its recurrence. For example, can social protection programmes help protect the poor from such recurrent crises? Can effective policy analyses lead to more sustainable poverty reduction – even at such uncertain times?
Accepted papers:
Session 1Paper short abstract:
Climate hazards impact children's well-being across Africa. This research examines the link between climate risks and child poverty, using a literature review and empirical analysis of survey data and historical climate hazard data. Findings inform climate-sensitive social protection programs.
Paper long abstract:
Climate hazards like flooding and drought severely impact the wellbeing of children across Africa. Sustainable Development Goal 13 calls for building resilience and adaptive capacity to climate hazards. This article presents multi-country research offering actionable recommendations for strengthening the resilience of children and families in response to climate change.
First, we review existing literature linking major climate hazards to child poverty. Adopting a multidimensional poverty framework, we summarise evidence connecting climate hazards to material deprivations that undermine children’s constitutive rights.
Second, we provide empirical evidence on the geographic overlap between multidimensional child poverty and exposure to past climate hazards across selected African countries. We combine nationally representative child-level survey data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and Demographic and Health Surveys with historical climate hazard data extracted from public online databases, like the Global Flood Database. Through regression analysis, we assess whether child poverty rates are higher in regions exposed to flooding, drought, and heatwaves.
Third, we discuss how our findings can inform climate-sensitive social protection programmes that safeguard child rights. These programmes should integrate climate risk insurance and prioritize high-risk groups based on equity considerations, aiming for universal coverage. Environmental sustainability and financial constraints in low- and middle-income countries must also be considered.
Our findings offer valuable insights into the intersection of climate hazards, child poverty, and social protection. Our empirical analysis opens new avenues for generating evidence to inform social policy models tailored to the specific needs of children and their families in the context of climate change.
Paper short abstract:
Increasing uncertainties over the years have increased our energy needs. However, not everyone has equitable access, and they face crises on various fronts of life. The paper empirically explores the relationship between multidimensional energy poverty and challenges faced by children in households.
Paper long abstract:
Increasing uncertainties over the years have increased our energy needs. However, not everyone has equitable access, and they face crises on various fronts of life, such as social, economic, and personal, such as health. Such crises often aggravate the suffering of those already vulnerable. Exploring the issue in depth, this paper empirically analyses the relationship between multidimensional energy poverty and challenges faced by vulnerable groups. The vulnerable group of this study is children. First, the paper constructs a multidimensional energy poverty index using comprehensive indicators and uses a decomposition analysis to investigate how including new indicators affects the distribution of energy poverty compared to earlier. Further, delving deeper into the implications of energy poverty, the study employs propensity score matching techniques to explore the health and educational challenges faced by children in energy-poor households. The study relies on the latest national family health surveys for analysis. The results reveal that children of energy-poor households are more vulnerable to respiratory health issues, face nutritional challenges, and lack educational attainment. These challenges vary across age groups, and evidence of social and economic inequality and inequity is also profound. In conclusion, the results highlight the severe implications of energy poverty on the future pillars of a nation, which is children, on various fronts. Hence, we advocate for a policy that reduces the deprivation of energy access across the country. Such policies will help fulfill the sustainable development goal and ease the concerns associated with it across the vulnerable population.
Paper short abstract:
I operationalise Sanjay Reddy and Thomas Pogge’s framework for poverty estimation and data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study In India to discuss poverty among the elderly in India. I argue that their approach overcomes problems inherent to conventional poverty measures.
Paper long abstract:
Recent debates around poverty estimation in India have highlighted that the limitations inherent to both conventional money-metric poverty estimation methods as well as multi-dimensional poverty indices have yet to be resolved. Sanjay Reddy and Thomas Pogge (2005) provide a framework for poverty measurement that theoretically overcomes many of these limitations by combining a globally determined invariant measure of poverty rooted in the capability approach that is tied to characteristics that reflect these capabilities and which are themselves acquired through the consumption of goods and services. This approach not only overcomes the index number issue inherent to money-metric poverty estimation but also allows for a more dynamic measure of capability-linked poverty than is allowed by multi-dimensional poverty indices. I operationalise Reddy and Pogge’s framework by using Lancaster’s Characteristics Model in the context of poverty among the elderly in India using data from various sources including the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI). I argue that this approach allows for a stronger consideration of resilience, adaptability and wellbeing to target subsets of populations that experience vulnerability differently than can be accounted for by existing methods.
Paper short abstract:
The study investigates the role of formal and informal credit interventions during the crisis. Analyzing income and food vulnerabilities of households during Covid-19, it highlights the role of informal saving mechanisms in reducing vulnerabilities in a sustainable way during the crisis times.
Paper long abstract:
Crises do hit hard on the marginalized households exacerbating their vulnerabilities. The usual credit interventions come from state through transfers and grants and also in the form of micro-credit from formal institutions. In addition, access to informal saving mechanism of Rotating Saving & Credit Associations (ROSCAs) also plays an important role in mitigating the negative consequences of crisis. In this backdrop, this study investigates the efficacy of the afore-mentioned credit interventions in reducing income and food vulnerabilities of households during the crisis times. We exploit a primary household survey data collected in the summer of 2021 when the pandemic was at its peak. The sample consists of 508 households residing in five towns in a semi-urban area of Lahore City of Punjab Province.
Our findings show that informal access to credit through ROSCAs had the maximum impact in reducing income and food vulnerabilities of households followed by the state-led transfer and grants. Whereas microfinance interventions were the least effective in mitigating the negative consequences during the crisis. It may suggest that ROSCA participants were more resilient in withstanding idiosyncratic shocks thus better and hence they managed to smoothen their consumption levels thus ensuring their income and food security. In other words, the unconditional credit interventions may be more effective than conditional cash transfers schemes in crisis times. Therefore, this study calls for hybrid credit interventions having a feature of both conditional and unconditional cash transfers to better cater to the marginalized communities’ wellbeing during the crisis times in sustainable way.