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- Convenor:
-
Iokiñe Rodríguez
(University of East Anglia)
Send message to Convenor
- Formats:
- Papers
- Stream:
- Global environmental justice
- Sessions:
- Friday 2 July, -
Time zone: Europe/London
Short Abstract:
The panel looks at the outcomes of interventions addressing different aspects of climate change in Kenya, Pakistan and worldwide, where the focus is on the implications of Green New Deals.
Long Abstract:
How is climate change playing out in terms of policy choices and impacts? This panel explores policies and outcomes with a focus on climate change mitigation. A first paper explores the implications of Green New Deals for labour markets and employment. The second study examines the environmental impact of slum upgrade programmes through a case study from Kenya’s cities. Our third paper discusses the impact of climate change on household vulnerabilities. In bringing together these different perspectives on climate change we explore the current and future implications of climate change policies at micro and macro levels.
Accepted papers:
Session 1 Friday 2 July, 2021, -Paper short abstract:
Unsolicited events of climate change have brought grave challenges for sustainable food security in developing countries. This study aims to assess the likely impact of climate change on food security status of rural households across different regions in Pakistan using vulnerability analysis model.
Paper long abstract:
The higher risk of exposure to climate change in rural areas makes a rural household more likely to be vulnerable to food insecurity with limited adaptive and mitigation capacity. This study primarily focuses on dynamic and forward-looking vulnerability model that takes into account ex-ante risk of a household to fall below the food poverty threshold in near future. Empirically, the study investigates the effect of climate change on value of agricultural production and thereby, on food security level of household in Pakistan using Climate Change Impact Survey 2013. For this, 20 years long term averages of temperature and precipitation as a measure of climate change are combined with household survey data from rural areas of 16 districts across the country. Firstly, the quantitative results suggest that uncertain changes in climate significantly impact value of agricultural production measured as farm income, subsequently affecting household’s food consumption while controlling for various socio-economic household characteristics. Secondly, the expected food consumption and its variance are then used to measure probability distribution of households to be food vulnerable in near future. By considering both the current food security status and likely changes in level of food security in near future, households are classified into four different categories of food security level and vulnerability i.e., chronic food poor, temporary food poor, permanent as well as transient food secure households. Such classification of households is important from policy viewpoint to improve allocation of resources and to avoid errors of inclusion or exclusion during food policy intervention.
Paper short abstract:
Slum upgrading projects provide a valuable opportunity to redesign cities in a sustainable manner.This potential is underutilized. This paper looks at the environmental performance of upgraded settlements in Kenyan cities and strategies for repositioning the environmental agenda in slum upgrading.
Paper long abstract:
The phenomenal growth of urban centres in developing countries makes cities important sites for engaging with environmental issues. The prevalence of informal settlements in cities and its implication on environmental sustainability has become a growing concern. Metabolic processes of these spatial units significantly shape the urban ecological system and define quality of life in cities. However, the significance of this space in the environmental sustainability function has not been adequately considered. As a result, the upgraded settlements do not sufficiently contribute to improved urban environmental quality. The study assessed the environmental performance of 11 upgraded informal settlements using 16 environmental sustainability indicators within four domains: resource consumption, waste management, environmental quality and community organization. A total of 600 households were sampled from the eleven settlements through multistage method involving cluster and systematic sampling. A scoring system was used to determine significant differences in performance between cities. The highest environmental sustainability score in the upgraded settlements is 61.4% while the lowest score is 37%. The scores vary significantly between cities. Upgraded settlements in Nairobi have higher scores than those in Kisumu and Mombasa. Environmental quality indicators have the highest predictive ratio for environmental sustainability performance of an upgraded settlement. Informal settlement upgrading programs have not been adequately utilized to diffuse environmental sustainability in the urban space. The study recommends improved actor coordination; broader stakeholder engagement, institutionalizing an environmental unit in the ministry in charge of informal settlement upgrading and multi levelled environmental education in the implementation of upgrading programs.
Paper short abstract:
We use macro and individual level data representing more than 1.7 billion workers to explore the labour market effects of a global energy transition on poverty. We find a small net job increase, and underline the need to ensure that new jobs created are decent to make Green Deals inclusive and just.
Paper long abstract:
The recently proposed Green Deals, as well as the "building back better" plans, underline the importance to make green transitions inclusive. This is particularly related to the labour market, which may be significantly impacted. Empirically, this issue has until now received limited attention as the relationship between poverty and climate change are explored mainly i) through the lenses of climate change adaptation, or ii) via the effects of rising energy prices on the purchasing power of poor households. We fill this gap by using results from a simulation of the global energy transition required to meet the 2-degree target. The simulation with a multi-regional input-output model finds that, overall, this transition results in a small net job increase of 0.3% globally, with cross-country heterogeneity. We complement this macro-level analysis with individual data representing more than 1.7 billion workers to draw implications of the effects on poverty through labour market outcomes. The few job losses will be concentrated in specific industries, while new jobs will be created in industries with relatively in-work poverty rates, such as construction. We show that high in-work poverty in the industries of interest, and especially in middle-income countries, is often associated with low skills and an insufficient reach of social protection mechanisms. We conclude that green transitions must ensure that the jobs created are indeed decent including fair wages, adequate working conditions, sufficient social protection measures, and accessible to the vulnerable and poorest households, to make Green Deals inclusive and just.