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- Convenor:
-
Miguel Rivera-Quiñones
(University of Puerto Rico)
Send message to Convenor
- Formats:
- Papers Synchronous
- Stream:
- Business, finance and digital technologies
- Sessions:
- Friday 2 July, -
Time zone: Europe/London
Short Abstract:
The panel explores how Preferential Tax Regimes influence development in post-colonial tax heavens. It invites critical inquiries that explore how offshore baking, export processing zones or profits shifting operations, enhance the vulnerability of countries supporting these economic strategies.
Long Abstract:
Recent years have witnessed greater academic interest in examining how the 'offshore world' has negatively influence developing countries development. However, many existing studies tend to focus on how Tax Havens erodes fiscal resources in developing countries, but not so much attention has been paid to the issue of how the use of Preferential Tax Regimes for luring Foreign Investments influence the development of countries using these policies as an economic strategy. This panel seeks to take a more critical perspective on the influence Tax Havens have on development and encourages contributions that explore the complex power relations that lead colonial or post-colonial countries to use Preferential Tax Regimes as an economic strategy, the impact that becoming a low tax jurisdiction had on these countries development, analyses on how these countries are exposed to growing external vulnerability and how these countries are asymmetrically integrated to the global economy. Of particular interest are contributions that examine how the colonial past (or present) of these countries influenced their making as low tax jurisdictions that became offshore financial centres, export processing zones or bases for transnational firms profits shifting operations. If there is any chance to counter global tax avoidance by shutting down tax havens or via unitary taxation, then to understand why some developing countries adopted Preferential Tax Regimes and the impact this economic strategy have on their socio-economic development could be vital to understand the power dynamics, values and ideas that influence this process to begin a reflection on the possible alternatives.
Accepted papers:
Session 1 Friday 2 July, 2021, -Paper short abstract:
We analyse the aggressiveness of tax treaties towards African countries—the extent to which signing tax treaties reduces the taxing rights of African governments. We find that treaties signed with Mauritius, United Arab Emirates and with former colonial powers constrain African tax revenues.
Paper long abstract:
Tax avoidance strategies by multinational companies rely heavily on tax treaties. Multinational companies can relocate financial activities across countries to ensure the applicability of the most beneficial tax treaties. This "treaty shopping" can be particularly harmful for African countries, impairing their efforts for domestic resource mobilisation and achieving sustainable development goals. In this paper, we analyse the aggressiveness of tax treaties towards African countries—the extent to which signing tax treaties reduces the taxing rights of African governments. We find that treaties signed with Mauritius and United Arab Emirates reduce withholding tax rates the most, while treaties signed with European countries—and particularly the United Kingdom and France—greatly limit other taxing rights, for example by restricting the scope of permanent establishment definition.
Paper short abstract:
The paper analyses the challenges of the multilateral order focusing on global financial governance. We argue that Illicit Financial Flows are a subproduct of inefficient International policies and multilateral regulatory frameworks.
Paper long abstract:
The aim of this paper is to analyse the challenges of the multilateral order, with the issue of global financial governance is at its centre. The idea is to show the dimensions behind Illicit Financial Flows (IFFs), which affects the quality of the multilateral order and promotes new forms of interdependence between North and the Global South. We argue that IFFs are a subproduct of inefficient International policies and multilateral regulatory frameworks, which have decreased the scope of action of nation states and reduce the incentives for coordination in certain areas of financial markets and global governance, such as international cooperation on tax and IFFs. Through the use of multivariate techniques (the complementary use of factor and cluster analysis methods) the paper examines the multidimensionality of IFFs. Factor analysis reveals three factors behind this global problem: governance issues, multinational tax avoidance and financial crime. Clustering hierarchical solution is composed by four clusters of developing countries, which reveals the heterogeneous composition of the Global South, and similar shortcomings provided by the contemporary global order. These results may be used for the purpose of designing and implementing tailored actions to promote a more effective system of global governance that has the potential to curb IFFs.
Paper short abstract:
We make use of Panama and Paradise papers leaked data to conduct a worldwide time series panel regression analysis that assesses the impact of various economic, political, and institutional factors on shell company formation by developing and transition economy clients between 1990 and 2015.
Paper long abstract:
Although we have a qualitative understanding of the various motivations behind offshore shell company use, data availability limitations have long made it difficult to systematically probe the drivers of shell company formation at a quantitative level. Here we make use of leaked data from the Panama and Paradise papers to try to fill this gap, by conducting a worldwide time series panel regression analysis that assesses the impact of various economic, political, and institutional factors on shell company formation by developing and transition economy clients between 1990 and 2015. In addition to highlighting the power of these leaked datasets to support time series panel regression analysis broadly, our results shed novel quantitative light on the specific factors that impact shell company formation. We find what can be described as a “rents-in, rents-out” logic of shell company formation, wherein foreign aid and natural resource rent income are both found to have a significantly positive time series impact on this formation, while no such impact is found for increases in external indebtedness or GDP growth more broadly. We also identify powerful impacts of various types of institutional and political shocks on shell company formation. The nature of these effects is complex, with some types of shocks appearing to temporarily shut down shell company formation, while others trigger it. Which shocks fall into which category is not a-priori obvious, underscoring the need for a systematic quantitative empirical approach to research in this area.