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- Convenor:
-
Hossein Jalilian
(University of Bradford)
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- Location:
- J19 (Richmond building)
- Start time:
- 7 September, 2017 at
Time zone: Europe/London
- Session slots:
- 1
Short Abstract:
Traditionally, industrial development, and particularly manufacturing sector development, was seen as a way of generating sustainable long term growth in developing countries. The panel invites papers that theoretically and/or empirically deals broadly with the topic of this panel.
Long Abstract:
Given the characteristics of the industrial sector of the economy in terms of its linkages, backward and forward, together with favourable income elasticities associates with it, industrial sector development has been seen as a way of generating a long term, sustainable growth within developing economies. Recent research in this area however, somewhat questioning this strategy as a way of sustainable and equitable growth, argues that for countries to move forward, they should pay more attention to the type and nature of industrial development. It is argued that in the context of globalisation in particular, benefits from industrial development are not expected to be as much as it was in the past, and is unlikely to be equitable if not accompanied by policies to mitigate the negative outcomes that may arise from it.
The panel would welcome papers that broadly deal with the above topic. Any theoretical and/or empirical paper in this and related areas would be most welcomed.
Accepted papers:
Session 1Paper short abstract:
The article argues that exogenous factors, such as global crises, paradigm shifts, and capitalist transnationalisation influence a new regime of rent management that reinforces Latin America's reliance on minimal technological inventories and static comparative advantages in low productivity sectors
Paper long abstract:
There is an increasing recognition in the political economy analysis of the role of institutions that what drives industrial development are the balances of power underlying a society. This shift is particularly visible within the so-called 'political settlements' literature. The 'political settlements' framework argues that there are no 'good' or 'bad' institutions, but only favourable and less favourable interdependent combinations of power and institutions. Inclusive and sustainable industrial development outcomes depend on the compatibility of rent management capacities with the distribution of power in a political settlement. However, there exists very little 'political settlements' literature on Latin America. Revising the main theoretical arguments of 'political settlements' framework and considering empirical trends in Latin America, this article argues that changes in elite interests and policy strategies promoting the region's deindustrialization trends and its shift towards service-based economies are not purely driven by power balances, but also by factors that are exogenous to the underlying political orders. A standard 'political settlements' analysis of Latin America's development does not conclusively explain the region's reliance on minimal technological inventories and static comparative advantages in low productivity sectors. This article argues that exogenous factors, such as global crises, paradigm shifts, and capitalist transnationalisation influence a new regime of rent management that induces and reinforces these tendencies.
Paper short abstract:
Traditional theories of business associations are irrelevant to contemporary Latin America because of dramatic changes over the last 20 years in the economy. My theory of business organisation redefines the forms of business organisation and their causes, helping to better understand policy outcomes.
Paper long abstract:
Political science literature explains the influence of business interest groups on policy outcomes, but lacks a theory on the formation of those groups in Latin America. Traditional theories of business associations are now irrelevant because of dramatic changes over the last 20 years in the economy. My thesis offers a theory of business organisation that redefines the forms of business organisation and their causes. My research will be essential in understanding policy outcomes and how political systems respond to powerful private actors. During the wave of neoliberal reforms of the 1980s, the success of political efforts to create a more open economy depended on support from the industrial sector. Likewise, during the 2000s, the success of political efforts to create a more inclusive society with quality jobs led growth will depend on business actors' behaviour and support. First, my research redefines business organisation along two dimensions: the type of business organisation (m acro-corporatist; club; pluralist) and whether business coordination is situational or stable over time. Second, it uncovers three determinants: Corporate governance, Costs of lobbying, and Relations between business and the state. My research predicts that new hierarchical models of corporate governance have diminished the relevance of traditional business associations, moving Latin American business organisations away from the macro-corporatist type. Instead, countries have moved towards either a club-type or a pluralist-type of organisation, depending on the historical relationship between business and the state. Finally, costs of lobbying have determined whether business coordination has been situational.
Paper short abstract:
We empirically estimate whether Sub-Saharan African programmers collaborate with others in the region resembling the flows of manufacture-led intra-regional trade, or with users outside the continent resembling the primary-commodity-led export flows.
Paper long abstract:
Regional integration and the expanding internal market hold considerable promise for the African development process. The region's demographic trends and the emergence of a middle class are amongst the developments that highlight the growth potential of intra-African trade. In 2014, high value added manufactured goods comprised 41 percent of African regional trade, while they only accounted for 15 percent of exports from the continent thus evincing the potential to contribute to value added, employment, and job creation. While the literature on growth prospects for Sub-Saharan Africa proposes fostering of services- and manufacture-led regional trade and integration into global value chains as some of the most promising policy directions, there's strong simultaneous push to invest in ICTs and Internet connectivity with the hope of transforming the region's countries into knowledge economies. While the development of industries based on technology and human capital affords hope in the region striving to leapfrog into higher value added activities, there is scant understanding about how the region's countries would integrate into the global knowledge economy. Investigating programming as a key knowledge-rich activity, we analyze a network dataset covering the structure of inter-country collaboration on the programming platform GitHub. We estimate whether Sub-Saharan African programmers collaborate with others in the region resembling the flows of manufacture-led intra-regional trade, or with users outside the continent resembling the primary-commodity-led export flows. Measuring regional integration in knowledge-rich activities is of interest to African policymakers who consider it an important pillar of the region's knowledge economy transformation and development strategy.