Click the star to add/remove an item to/from your individual schedule.
You need to be logged in to avail of this functionality.
Log in
- Convenors:
-
Tina Wallace
Fenella Porter (Ruskin College)
- Location:
- Lecture Room B (Queens College)
- Start time:
- 14 September, 2016 at
Time zone: Europe/London
- Session slots:
- 2
Long Abstract:
This panel proposes a feminist approach be reintroduced into areas where it's been neglected in recent years. Across the sector there is concern that much gender and development work is siloed, carried out often within NGOs competing with each other for funding, and where the funding T&Cs are determined more by current development paradigms and processes than by the needs and rights of women. The focus is mostly on technical approaches and predetermined ways of setting targets, assessing results in simple metrics, and measuring success. This undermines the judgment and commitment of staff and focuses on what can be measured, rather than tackling what needs to change. This has muted the voice for solidarity with wider women’s movements, for supporting a collective commitment to really challenging the balance of power, and challenging institutions that recreate unequal power relations. Evidence shows the importance of taking more collective approaches to challenging power, often rooted in patriarchal structures, and working to change the position of poor women, moving beyond working with individual women - the current focus of much development work. This requires revisiting the ways work is undertaken to promote gender equality and women’s rights, challenging elements of the current dominant paradigm, and seeking out supportive forms of funding.
The panel draws on current work in NGOs to explore what current practice looks like and highlight the differences between a gender mainstreaming, instrumental approaches to gender equality, and a feminist approach based on core feminist principles. It is designed for practitioners, as well as researchers and academics.
Accepted papers:
Session 1Paper short abstract:
Discussion of feminist development alternatives
Paper long abstract:
Tired of lurching from one externally-set political agenda to another, the Gender and Development Network decided to prioritise a project considering feminist development alternatives. Our goal was to allow ourselves, and our NGO member organisations, to step and back consider how and whether our work was contributing to alternative feminist visions. Rather than attempt to a summary or overview, inevitably loaded with caveats, we commissioned a group of women from around the world - academics, practitioners and activists - to write from their own perspective about feminist development alternatives. Importantly, we included those addressing problems in the UK as well as internationally. Our presentation will reflect on the findings of this work, and consider the challenges it poses for feminists promoting gender equality and women's rights under the current neo-liberal paradigm.
Paper short abstract:
This paper explores the need for collective approaches to addressing power and patriarchy, moving beyond current gender paradigms mainly focused on individuals. We revisit feminist debates and explore new ones to identify alternative ways to promote equality and women’s rights
Paper long abstract:
Many who work on women's and girls' rights and gender equality within the field of international development in the UK, and with partners in other countries, are concerned about the current siloed and often instrumentalised approaches to gender and development, and feel deeper and more political analyses and approaches are required to bring about real, lasting change for poor women and girls. This paper sets out some challenges facing current work on women's and girls' rights and gender equality within international development. We argue that gender equality has become separated from a feminist analysis and propose that a feminist approach be reintroduced into areas where this has been neglected. Looking across the sector there is a concern that much gender and development work is carried out within NGOs that are often competing with each other for funding, and where the terms and conditions for acquiring funding are determined more by current development paradigms, systems and processes than by the needs and rights of women themselves. This has resulted in the muting of calls for solidarity with the wider women's movements, for support for a collective commitment to really challenging the balance of power, and for a challenge to the institutions that recreate unequal power relations. Our paper introduces the challenges of the current context, and sets out some ideas on how it would be possible to reconnect with a feminist agenda in gender and development. This will contribute to a participatory session, where these ideas can be discussed and explored.
Paper short abstract:
Research focused on the spaces created for women by women’s rights organisations or Government explored what these mean to women, how they access the spaces, what they learn, the benefits they get and how far their participation enables them to organise and make demands on local Government.
Paper long abstract:
The research found that women appreciated and benefit from women-only spaces; they socialise, they learn new knowledge and skills, they value the safe environment for learning how to speak in public and for sharing problems, fears and hopes. The spaces were important in building their confidence, self-belief and in encouraging their agency and extending their ambitions, especially through teaching them their rights and promoting leadership. Women talked of 'realising they can do what men can do', and the importance of raising their voice in political debates. There was evidence of their growing confidence, excitement about their right to be involved, and of the many skills they were learning, including how to present a case to decision makers and their right to be listened to. They learned where to go to address problems such as violence, income generation, and securing documentation for example birth, marriage and land ownership, areas which may be beyond the Local Government's remit.
The women face myriad problems caused by poverty, their second class status in the home and community, their lack of access to resources including decision-making and the social norms that curtail their freedoms of movement, choice, and representation. While the focus of the projects explored was on political participation and the achievement of access to better resources or improved policies, it was clear that women's engagement in these spaces contributes to meeting other needs and they are using new skills and confidence to find ways to address their problems, both individually and together.
Paper short abstract:
Development policy around the world is increasingly addressing women in their roles as mothers, crowding out policies that target women in roles outside the family. Why is this occurring, and is this trend reconcilable with a “feminist” approach to development?
Paper long abstract:
Over the last few decades, advanced Western democracies have begun to move away from policies encouraging women to be full-time mothers at home, adopting instead policies that facilitate women's equal participation in the workforce. The developing world, on the other hand, has witnessed a little-noticed countervailing trend: that of rising emphasis on women as mothers in social policy and the resultant erasure of women's other social roles from the policy discourse, a trend I identify as "maternalism." Why are we seeing this new wave of maternalist social policy in the developing world and what are its implications for gender inequality? In this project I seek to gain insight into these questions through a close examination of India, which provides a useful case study because it is a developing country in which the rise of maternalist policy is both particularly stark given the otherwise low levels of social spending and especially surprising because it has occurred in absence of the widely accepted causes of maternalism. I use comparative analysis of two of India's major social programs for women to demonstrate that Indian maternalism is a result of (1) the widespread internalization by Indian policymakers of the maternal health norms promoted by the Millennium Development Goals, and (2) the Indian state's propensity to view the issue of women's empowerment through the lens of poverty rather than that of gender justice. The obfuscation of women's non-maternal roles in public policy, I suggest, augurs poorly for bringing feminism back into development policy and practice.