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Abstract

The article analyzes the characteristics of literature in different historical periods and examines the influence of political systems on the development of literature. In particular, it provides a brief overview of several illustrative phenomena. During the period of the Khwarazm Ma'mun Academy, when the exact and natural sciences experienced significant development, such works as Urjūza fī al-ṭibb by Ibn Sina and Saydana fī al-ṭibb by Abu Rayhan al-Biruni were composed in Arabic and Persian and were presented in a poetic form, which facilitated their memorization. During the Karakhanid period, special emphasis was placed on translations into the Turkic language. A notable example is the translation of Nizami’s poem Khosrow and Shirin into Turkic by Qutb Khwarazmi (14th century). In the course of this translation, information originally dedicated to Azerbaijani rulers was replaced by laudatory praises (madḥ) addressed to the rulers of the Karakhanid dynasty, which indicates a deliberate adaptation of the text to the political and cultural environment of the respective period, etc.

The article also provides information about the literary environment established by the ruler of the Kokand Khanate, the poet Amir Umar Khan, as well as his spouse – Queen and poet Mohlaroyim Nodira, who is considered the founder of the tradition of Turkic-language poetesses. Additionally, it discusses the activities of the poet and mentor Jahon Otin Uvaysi (1779–1845), who taught literature and the art of poetry to court women and girls, including the female residents of the harem, thereby making a significant contribution to the formation and development of the female poetic tradition within the Kokand literary milieu.

Particular attention is paid to the analysis of various interpretations of information concerning the creativity and literary heritage of Jahon Otin Uvaysi presented in studies from the Soviet period and the period of independence. The article examines the reasons for the transformation of scholarly assessments and the changes in the interpretation of these materials, as well as their consequences. It is demonstrated that such interpretative shifts may significantly influence perceptions of the author’s personality, worldview, and attitude toward certain historical processes, and ultimately affect the understanding of the essence of her creative legacy, sometimes leading to distorted representations.

In this regard, the article emphasizes the particular importance of the objective and scientifically grounded application of the principles of source studies and textual criticism in the study of literary heritage.