Abstract

This article analyzes the experience and uniqueness of animals in cargo transportation in the Turan trade system. It describes the types of animals used in this field, the equipment designed to assist them, and their possible uses. It also highlights the culture of animal-based transportation for both long- and short-distance haulage. Attention is paid to the age at which animals should be trained for cargo transportation and the age at which they should be allowed to perform this work.

In this article were used rock paintings, historical sources, documents, archaeological finds, miniature paintings, research, memoirs of representatives of various fields, and the results of field research. Also, information related to the fields of linguistics and zoology (hippology) was involved.

The article was written using comparative analysis, observation, and interview research methods typical of the specialties of history and ethnology. In addition, various material sources and art samples were thoroughly analyzed and compared with information from sources and research.

The characteristics of each type of livestock raised for the Turkestan freight transport system have been well studied, and the type of animal has been bred based on these indicators. In Turkestan, horses were mainly used in freight transport. In particular, horses were important as a convenient vehicle for transporting goods over short distances. Some horse breeds were bred specifically for the freight sector. For example, Lakai horses can easily carry 150–160 kg of cargo on mountain roads and cover distances of 80 km or more per day. They can move at speeds from 8-9 km to 13-16 km in free movement. In addition, a special breed of horses bred in Kokand also had great qualities as a freight breed. Such breeds were usually bred in large cities. Almost every region, based on its needs, has adopted a certain type of livestock for transportation and has established special care for this purpose.