Abstract:

This paper will examine several narratives pertaining to the early Abu’l-Khayrid rulers of Mavarannahr, such as ‘Ubayd Allāh Sultān and Suyūnj Khvāja Khān, as provided in the Badāyi‘ al-vaqāyi‘ of Zayn al-Dīn Maḥmūd Vāṣifī, a work which was completed in Tashkent and dedicated to a prince of the Abu’l-Khayrid Shībānid dynasty, Abū’l-Muẓaffar Hasan Sulṭān b. Kīldī Muḥammad Sulṭān, in 1538-39. The Badāyi‘ al-vaqāyi‘ itself defies easy classification or categorization: While it is first and foremost a memoir and is thus of a quasi-autobiographical nature, it may also be considered a history written from Vāṣifī’s unique perspective. Therefore, it is a work that provides the reader with a rare glimpse into the lives of the author and his contemporaries, including the Abu’l-Khayrid rulers of early sixteenth century Central Asia. While the Badāyi‘ al-vaqāyi‘ may not provide an account of the battles fought by the princes of the early Abu’l-Khayrid dynasty, it does offer unique narratives that will tell us more about the personalities and dispositions of the early Abu’l-Khayrid rulers and those surrounding them at court with whom Vāṣifī was acquainted and interacted. Thus, the Abu’l-Khayrid narratives found in the Badāyi‘ al-vaqāyi‘ will serve to enhance and expand our knowledge and understanding of early sixteenth century Central Asia.

Abstract:

In 1992, Kazakhstan's then-president Nursultan Nazarbayev delivered a speech at the First International Qurultay of Kazakhs, urging Kazakhs abroad to return to their ancestral homeland. Since then, nearly two million Kazakhs have repatriated to Kazakhstan. However, their integration into the new society has not been an easy process. The local population's acceptance and perception of the returning Kazakhs have evolved through several stages, from rejection to sympathy. This research aims to study how Uzbekistani Kazakhs have experienced this progression and how their interactions have changed over the years. It is based on a combination of qualitative interviews, surveys, cultural analysis, and policy review. The study highlights the importance of inclusive cultural policies in nation-building and provides recommendations for enhancing the integration process of Uzbekistan’s Kazakhs, emphasizing the need for sustained dialogue and community engagement.

Abstract:

EVALUATION OF THE ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE USA AND AZERBAIJAN

The study examined the economic relations between the United States of America and Azerbaijan. Relations between the United States of America and Azerbaijan date back to the 19th century. After Azerbaijan gained independence with the collapse of the USSR, both countries paid attention to making close relations. In this sense, the USA and Azerbaijan worked to develop relations in economic, commercial, political, legal, cultural, and other fields. This study examined the historical development and future of the relations between the two countries. In addition, the thesis study investigated the establishment and development of economic relations between the USA and Azerbaijan. In particular, the dynamics of commercial relations between the two countries were evaluated with statistical data. The topics researched, the generalizations made and the scientific results achieved allow some suggestions to be made regarding the development perspective of US-Azerbaijan relations. The development of US-Azerbaijan relations is in the interest of both countries, and more work is needed to resolve the current problems in relations. Supporting energy projects in which Azerbaijan participates also strengthens USA’s political interests in the region. Examining the US-Azerbaijan economic relations as of the period when Azerbaijan gained its independence until today will increase the studies on the development of these relations in the next years.

Keywords: US-Azerbaijan economic relations, comparative economic analysis, foreign trade