Abstract:

This paper explores the intricate interplay between science and the state in the context of nuclear science development in Kazakhstan with a specific focus on the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Almaty. It analyzes the historical dynamics of nuclear research in the country, transitioning from a focus on military applications during the Soviet era to pursuits in peaceful nuclear energy post-independence. A strong correlation has been identified between scientific endeavors and state interests, shaped by geopolitical and national factors.

Previous studies by Kazakh scientists have predominantly addressed the adverse health and environmental impacts of the Soviet nuclear industry. However, these studies often overlooked the social, cultural, and political contexts influencing nuclear science development in Kazakhstan. This underscores the complex interaction between scientific initiatives and government interests, sometimes overshadowing social issues and genuine scientific concerns in pursuit of strategic objectives.

This article not only analyzes the importance of methodological approaches in social science research when investigating the development of nuclear science in Kazakhstan but also provides a comparative analysis of the methodological and theoretical approaches presented by foreign researchers in similar studies. To address these limitations, an integrated social scientific approach is proposed, incorporating qualitative interviews, historical analysis, and archival research. The objective is to uncover the sociocultural and human dimensions of nuclear science development, highlighting the state's influence and the colonial legacy. This interdisciplinary approach is expected to deepen understanding of the relationship between science and government in Kazakhstan and foster broader dialogue on issues of science, society, and governance.