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Abstract:

The paper focuses on conceptualizing Central Asian cross-border cooperation, incorporating both theories of cross-border cooperation and distinctive regional patterns observed in the European Union, North America, China, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Africa, Latin America, and the post-Soviet space, primarily Russia.

I argue that while Central Asian cross-border cooperation exhibits certain typical deficiencies, such as overly centralized governance and insufficient funding, it also possesses specific noticeable strengths. These include some Central Asian states' inclination towards cross-border transportation projects, driven by the political will to mitigate the disadvantages of their landlocked positions. Furthermore, it is crucial to consider the divergence in cross-border cooperation policies among Central Asian states. Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan have demonstrated greater effectiveness in this arena compared to Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, which indicates a repetition that needs correction for clarity.

Given these factors, this paper will explore the potential to identify a distinctive pattern of Central Asian cross-border cooperation. Additionally, it will offer recommendations for enhancing Central Asian cross-border cooperation, duly taking into account the existing political and economic realities.