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- Convenor:
-
Bert Beynen
(Temple University)
Send message to Convenor
- Chair:
-
Bert Beynen
(Temple University)
- Discussant:
-
Bert Beynen
(Temple University)
- Format:
- Panel
- Theme:
- Cultural Studies, Art History & Fine Art
- Location:
- William Pitt Union (WPU): room 540
- Sessions:
- Thursday 19 October, -
Time zone: America/New_York
Abstract:
The papers in this panel address the importance of the Georgian language at various stages of Georgian or Kartvelian society. Navadze researches two basic elements of Georgian: its speech rate and fundamental speech frequency. Speakers of three age categories - [18-30], [31-40], [41-50] were selected; each category containing 10 women's and 10 men's unplanned speech in dialogue mode. On the obtained recordings, Navadze measured the articulation rate based on the number of spoken syllables during the time unit and the fundamental frequency of the speakers. Kadagishvili investigates the expression of emotions in Georgian political texts, using the methods of sentiment analysis, a form of natural language processing that gives us information about the sentiment, i. e., emotion, of a text. When, for example, an adjective is attached to a semantically neutral noun, the sentiment of the adjective-noun phrase depends on the sentiment of the adjective. Most important in the process of sentiment determination are not individual words, but phrases; mostly, not noun phrases (NP), but verb phrases (VP). Otkhmezuri surveys the over 400 medieval Georgian manuscripts outside Georgia, in St. Catherine’s monastery on Mt Sinai, the Iviron monastery on Mt. Athos, and at the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem, from the 5th-7th to the 18th centuries. They contain original as well as translated works of Christian authors. In the manuscripts different genres of ecclesiastic literature are represented. Otkhmezuri reveals their specificities, codicological and paleographical features, modes of dating, decorative value, tells the stories of their journeys and tries to reconstruct scholarly activities of Georgian men of letters. Special attention will be paid to the earlier manuscripts, autographs and multilingual palimpsests. Nadareishvili mines the works of Classical Greek and Roman authors for information on Kartvelian ethnoses. Data from Plutarch, Appian, and Dio Cassius show that defining the geopolitical identity of Kartvelian peoples was most important for Greek authors, e.g., when discussing the Mithridatic wars. Also, Dio Cassius analyzed Iberia’s geopolitical role in relation to the Roman-Parthian confrontation of 36 A.D. and Parasmanes II's relationship with Roman emperors. Particular attention was paid to issues of the genesis of the Kartvelian peoples and their kinship to other tribes. Plutarch and Appian perceived alien ethnoses through the lens of cultural stereotypes and evaluated the levels of their development in accordance with these norms. They paid special attention to the relationship of the Georgian milieu with the Greek myths.
Accepted papers:
Session 1 Thursday 19 October, 2023, -Paper abstract:
Today, medieval Georgian manuscripts are kept not only in archives of museums and research centers in Georgia, but also outside Georgia in the libraries of St. Catherine’s monastery on Mt Sinai, the Iviron monastery on Mt. Athos, and in the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem (former manuscript collection of the Georgian monastery of the Holy Cross in Jerusalem). There are more than 400 manuscripts held in these centers ranging from the 5th-7th to the 18th centuries. They contain original as well as translated works of Christian authors from Late Antiquity to the Late Middle Ages. Most of these manuscripts were created locally by Georgian scribes living and working in Jerusalem, on Mt. Sinai, and Mt. Athos; some of them were donated to these centers by Georgians, predominantly by representatives of the royal or aristocratic families over the centuries, from Georgia or from different parts of Christendom. Medieval Georgian scholars living and working in foreign monastic centers were always connected to each other and to the monastic centers of Georgia. They supplied each other with manuscripts and enriched churches and monasteries in Georgia by sending newly translated and copied manuscripts there. They were also engaged in a close relationship with the Greeks as well as with other ethnic groups. All these aspects played a significant role in shaping Georgian scholars’ skills and working habits which could have been used in creating manuscripts.
The aim of our paper is to outline the repertory of each monastic collection, provide a general overview of the manuscripts, reveal their specificities, codicological and paleographical features, modes of dating, decorative value, reproduce the stories of their journeys, etc. Based on the colophons of translators, scribes, and benefactors, we try to reconstruct scholarly activities of Georgian men of letters who lived and worked on Mt Sinai, Mt Athos, and Jerusalem.
Special attention will be paid to (1) the earlier manuscripts; (2) autographs – manuscripts written in their translators’ hand, which are mostly concentrated in the library of Iviron (autographs of Giorgi the Hagiorite and Theophile the Hieromonk), and (3) multilingual palimpsests which are preserved in the monastery of St. Catherine on Mt Sinai.
Paper abstract:
In forensic speaker identification process voice samples are compared on the basis of many speech characteristics through which speakers may differ from one another. These characteristics should be chosen on a case-by-case basis, considering the unique features of the search samples.
In the research process, it is very important to determine whether the similarity (or difference) between the compared samples according to a certain parameter is speaker specific or is a common in the relevant population. The more uncommon a characteristic is among speakers, the more effective it will be in differentiating between them. Consequently, it is important for each language to have statistical data on the prevalence of certain speech parameters. The research aims at collecting this statistical information on the Georgian language.
Research parameters can be categorized as segmental and supra-segmental units of speech, voice and manner of speaking. Some signs can be analyzed both auditory and acoustically. The most common characteristics are: language, dialect, accent, speech rate, fundamental frequency, voice quality, formant frequencies, hesitation, speech pathologies, and etc. (ENFSI, 2022). In this work we discuss the speech rate and fundamental frequency for the Georgian-speaking population.
To collect data on the Georgian native speaker population, we selected three age categories - [18-30], [31-40], [41-50]. In each category was recorded 10 women's and 10 men's Unplanned speech in dialogue mode (60 speakers in total). On the obtained audio recordings, we measured the articulation rate based on the number of syllables uttered in a time interval excluding pauses, hesitation elements and disfluencies and the fundamental frequency of the speakers.
Research shows that there is no significant differences in age and sex groups by articulation rate in Georgian language. Average articulation tempo is 5.7 syllables per second and most common tempo ranges between 5.1 to 6.3 syllables per second.
Data analysis shows that the fundamental frequency decreases with age for both men and women. However, the gap between the age categories of 18 to 30 and 31 to 40 is substantially wider than that between 31 to 40 and 41 to 50. From a physiological perspective, the reason for this may be the still-developing body. Additionally, the fundamental frequency is less distributed in female speakers who are between the ages of 41 and 50.
The current study also includes the description of intra-speaker variation ranges in articulation rate and fundamental frequency in Georgian speaker population.
Paper abstract:
Sentiment - analysis is a form of natural language processing that gives us information about the sentiment (emotion) of the text - is it positive (towards something or someone), negative or neutral;
All the examples presented in the Presentation are from the political corpus of the Georgian language.
The political discourse can be defined as political communication used by politicians in their public speeches, planned (inaugural texts), or unplanned speeches (television programs, participation in discussions, parliamentary speeches).
Sentiment analysis research has mainly three interrelated and at the same time distinct levels (Bing Liu, 2016). these are:
o Document level;
o Sentence level;
o Aspect level;
At the document level, the task is to determine whether the overall sentiment expresses negative or positive sentiment (Bing Liu, 2016).
Sentence level is the determination of what each sentence expresses - negative, positive, or neutral.
When defining sentiment at the aspect level, we consider several aspects: whom we value (it can be a specific person and most of the time, it is a politician), what we value (mostly, it is a concrete action of a specific politician), how we value it (negatively, positively or neutrally) (Bing Liu, 2016). In this Presentation, based on examples, we will show why the level of the aspect of sentiment research has the greatest advantage.
In this Presentation, we will talk about the role of adjectives in determining sentiment - usually, a semantically neutral noun can be accompanied by an adjective with a positive or negative sentiment word, and accordingly, the sentiment of the opinion will change - it will become positive or negative.
Usually, an adjective with positive or negative content can be attached to a semantically neutral noun and, accordingly, the sentiment of the opinion will change - it will become positive or negative; However, we may have a completely different picture if the noun also has its own sentiment. Based on the combinations and analyzing the contexts, it was found that the most important component in the process of sentiment determination is not individual words, but phrases, and in many cases, not noun phrases (NP), but verb phrases (VP) play an important role in sentiment determination;
We highlight the rules that we have identified directly as a result of observing the empirical material.