Short Abstract:
India has been referred to as a 'sociolinguistic giant'. Many Language movements took place in India. It was in the form of Urdu Language Movement, Pure Tamil Movement, Kannad Movement, Bangla movement which was an agitation against the implementation of Hindi as the official language of India.
Long Abstract:
Language Movements took the shape of National and Historical movements many times in India. India has 22 listed official Languages and about 2000 dialects a dozen ethnic groups, 7 religious communities fragmented into many sects, castes and sub-castes that inhabit its 58 socio-cultural sub-regions, which are cautious of the existence of their language and culture.
First trace of Indian Language movement took place during Mughal period in the form of Urdu Language Movement. In Independent India Pure Tamil Movement was the agitation against the implementation of Hindi as the official language of India known as Anti-Hindi agitations. In Karnataka V.K. Gokak opposed the use of Hindi Language and agitated for the Language status of the Kannada Language in Karnataka. The Bengali Language Movement was a political movement in former East Bengal which after years of conflict granted official status in 1956. Recently Code switching or Hinglish is recognized as official language by Indian Government. Later on in 1999, UNESCO interfered in the matter of language and declared 21st February as International Mother Language Day, in tribute to the Language Movement and the ethno- linguistic rights of people around the world.
The panel will try to find out many other language movements and their consequences in the present India. Papers related to language, communication, language varieties, standard and non standard language, dialect, register, slang, pidgin, Creole, language change will be accepted in the panel.
Accepted papers:
Session 1
Syntax: Indian perspectives
Bhavatosh IndraGuru
(Dr. H. S. Gour Central University, Sagar, M. P., India)
Paper short abstract:
Words are conjoint in optimum selection and definitely methodize different normative assertions while other models (letters, syllables) differentially activate normal correlations intended in acquiring positional benefits of comprehension.
Paper long abstract:
Syntax is a determinate conjunction of a necessity to revive the situation of multiple coherence and situated organization in any given cyclical situation, occurring in a sentence. There is a purpose in forming a prior scheme of effective selection while fixing a point of location and non-location in actually conditioned, contemplated and conceived primary models. Words are conjoint in optimum selection and definitely methodize different normative assertions while other models (letters, syllables) differentially activate normal correlations intended in acquiring positional benefits of comprehension. It is systematically functional in constituting an apparatus or set of apparatuses for relatively nearer bases; hence intended objects forming a holistic group will have four absolutely cognized proportions X^(I ), X^(II ),X^(III ),X^(IV ) and in Which multiples of X come to be universally geometrical. The situation favouring a normative development in this direction states a basic proposition, the term of position of the words comprehends conditioned figures, in that the growth of prefixed notion is interlocated in the perceived range. For instance an utterance RED HORSE IS RUNNING ON THE ROAD, one can understand the position of operative verb and locative noun to be nominally adjunct creating multiple inversions.
Sociocultural variables in bilingual matters
Meena Jain
(Govt. Girls P.G. College, Khandwa)
Paper short abstract:
Bilingualism is a common phenomenon in India. We are all instinctively bilingual. the speakers' socio-cultural profile, such as their linguistic background, status, age, sex, medium of instruction find out correlations between the subjects' language use.
Paper long abstract:
Bilingualism is a common phenomenon in India. We are all instinctively bilingual. A large proportion of the world's population is bilingual. English, Hindi and other Indian languages varies from state to state and from person to person, and we have a 'cline of bilingualism' (Kachru 1965). The present work focuses on these processes in the general context of bilingualism.
For the purpose of survey the native speakers of Hindi were chosen. There were two main steps in the investigation. First with the help of questionnaire the interviews with 100 informants belonging to different strata of society were conducted. Secondly the speech of 20 subjects with the help of tape-recorder was recorded.
For the convenience of analysis and discussion the sociolinguistic constructs, the concepts of 'recurrent domains' (Pride1971) and 'situations' (Firth1957) were employed. The questionnaire also sought information regarding the speakers' socio-cultural profile, such as their linguistic background, status, age, sex, medium of instruction and attitude to English, with a view to finding out correlations between these and the subjects' language use.
Gender influence in language use
Meena Jain
(Govt. Girls P.G. College, Khandwa)
Paper short abstract:
Sex has a considerable effect on the selection of pronoun. Pronouns give information about a person's attitude towards members of the opposite sex. Other core factors age and occupational status also determine a particular choice.
Paper long abstract:
The present paper explores two linked variables, sex of the speakers and sex of the addressee, which are more influential in determining appropriate pronouns in Hindi (Tu, Tum and Aap). Women are more restrained in their possible choices of pronouns. Pronouns give not only information about her or his political views and social class but also information about a person's attitude towards members of the opposite sex. These rules of pronominal usage reveal information about the relationship of the sexes in a society, especially the maintaining of distinctions.
The data of the present study were collected through questionnaire - interview method. The source of the data were 200 subjects (120 men and 80 women), representing different section of society. The questionnaire aimed at eliciting information regarding pronominal usage between the subject and his/her mother, father, spouse, children and friends, etc.
The response to the questions indicates that in most of the situations, sex has a considerable effect on the selection of pronoun. In certain cases sex overlaps with other core factors like age and occupational status to determine a particular choice.
Social Status and Intimacy in the Characters of Shakespeare
Vinay Jain
(Makhanlal Chaturvedi, Govt. Girls College, Khandwa (MP) India)
Paper short abstract:
'Thee' is used in Shakespeare by a master to a servant. It is also used in confidential and good-humoured utterances. 'You' was received by a master. Hindi tu and aap express roughly the same social meanings as English thou/thee and you used to express respectively.
Paper long abstract:
Social status and intimacy is reflected in the choice of pronouns used by the characters of Shakespeare in his drama. 'Thee' is generally used in Shakespeare by a master to a servant. Being the appropriate address to a servant, it is used in confidential and good-humoured utterances. 'You' was received by a master. Hindi tu and aap express roughly the same social meanings as English thou/thee and you used to express respectively.
In the Standard English prose of the eighteenth century, 'thou' and 'thee' were entirely replaced by 'you', so that the form of polite address became general in the common intercourse. In Two Gentlemen of Verona, Valentine and Proteus in the first twenty lines of earnest dialogue use nothing but thou. But as soon as they begin to jest, "thou art" is found too seriously ponderous and we have, "you are over boots in love" (I.i.25) while the lighter thee is not discarded in "it boots thee not" (I.i.28). So in the word-fencing you and your are preferred, but an affectionate farewell brings them back again to 'thou'.
In the Standard English prose of the eighteenth century, 'thou' and 'thee' were entirely replaced by 'you', so that the form of polite address became general in the common intercourse. During Elizabethan age, pronoun 'you' and 'ye' were considered as honorific pronoun used to address to a single person in reverence and polite distance and pronoun 'thou' and 'thee' were nonhonorific- used by a superior to inferior.