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- Convenors:
-
Henrike Donner
(Goldsmiths)
Victoria Goddard (Goldsmiths, University of London)
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- Stream:
- Morality and Legality
- Sessions:
- Tuesday 30 March, -
Time zone: Europe/London
Short Abstract:
In a context of environmental, economic and political crisis the panel explores the ways that kinship ideologies inform ethical and politicised notions of responsibility to articulate demands for individual and collective liveable futures, bringing into focus the political dimensions of kinship.
Long Abstract:
This panel engages with potentially competing ethical and political demands underpinning claims related to the future. In the light of climate change, ongoing crises of welfare and care and struggles over sexual and reproductive rights, we explore how kinship ideologies may allocate responsibilities ‘ethically’ with reference to collective futures. Anthropologists show how kinship creates structural and ideological dispositives, while also being shaped by everyday experience. A focus on relatedness shifted attention towards practice but arguably ‘domesticated’ kinship in the process. The panel interrogates how kinship moralities may allocate responsibilities oriented towards imagining and creating liveable futures differently from legal and political institutions, but also how these structural givens shape the processes by which kinship become as main site for a politics of the possible in the light of existential threats and engagement with politics in accordance with gender, race and class intersections across generations and the lifecourse. Such negotiations of responsibilities and the experience thereof are often contrasted with what is understood as (i)responsibilities by the state and legal discourses, especially where gender, race and class are bases of exclusion and disenfranchisement. The panel asks what kind of effects policies and politics have on the way individual and collective responsibilities are understood, and what a recourse to idioms of responsibility related to kinship may contribute to anthropological understandings of democratic struggles for better futures, such as movements concerned with livelihoods, housing, reproductive rights, and environmental justice.
Accepted papers:
Session 1 Tuesday 30 March, 2021, -Paper short abstract:
The ways in which people in underfunded state schools create networks of support reveal how ideologies of kinship further relocate responsibility from the state to - mostly female - students, teachers and parents about the possible futures of state schools under austerity.
Paper long abstract:
The Chilean neoliberal educational reform works as a paradigmatic example of how policies of structural adjustment, privatisation and deregulation of the formal educational system have produced serious structural financial limitations for state schools, in Chile and elsewhere. In 2018, the response of the right-wing Chilean Minister of Education triggered public outrage when he encouraged families and school communities to take the crisis of public education into their own hands - and organise bingo to repair the schools' failing infrastructure. This approach has been coupled with a growing call for more active participation of parents in the school community under a particular 'principle of responsibility': parents are expected to foster a more intimate relationship between the home and the school through their 'family support', and to engage in the practices of solidarity to cope with the increasing material precariousness of state schools. These family-school practices of solidarity, therefore, occupy the in-between space left by the retrenchment of the state and the struggles of households and neighbourhoods, within the same state institution of the school. This puts further pressure on impoverished families who do not have the resources or time to fully participate, which creates hierarchies of deservedness for the recipients of solidary help. I argue that the case of underfunded state schools reveals how ideologies of kinship further relocate the responsibility for economic security and welfare from the state to - mostly female - students, teachers and parents about the possible futures of state schools under austerity.
Paper short abstract:
This paper considers how concepts of kinship might be redeployed to inform current debates about non-human rights: to challenge anthropocentric assumptions, and to relocate human beings into more inclusive and reciprocal ‘re-imagined communities’ of living kinds.
Paper long abstract:
Anthropology contains some closely interwoven strands of ideas about human-non-human relationships. Multiple evolutionary and genetic links connect humans to other living kinds at a material level. All societies have complex social relationships with non-human beings, with varying degrees of equity and reciprocity. Although some locate human and other species within distinctive and hierarchical categories, others lean towards more permeable boundaries. Ethnographic research in the last century has articulated diverse ideas about non-human species as kin and as persons. Recent multi-species ethnographies have made imaginative leaps into non-human worlds to consider how other species connect with each other and with ourselves. Actor Network Theory and related systems approaches similarly highlight the inter-relationality of living beings, things and environments.The topic of kinship interweaves with these intellectual strands in some useful ways, raising questions about how we think about non-human species and compose relationships with them. Such questions have the potential to inform ongoing debates about the extent to which human societies should acknowledge non-human rights and interests or ‘the rights of nature’, and whether (and how) we might recognise ethical responsibilities to protect these rights.As groups concerned about the environmental crisis and mass extinctions stress the urgency of establishing less anthropocentric relationships with the non-human world, there is a creative opportunity to re-imagine concepts of kinship. Rather than focusing on degrees of separation, this would seek to relocate humankind into communities of living kinds and highlight an imperative to seek collective human and non-human well-being.
Paper short abstract:
In my paper I explore the negotiations of care responsibilities between state agents and families in a social welfare office in Tanzania. Based on a relational approach I show the interdigitation of different social domains and competing ideologies and moralities about kinship and parenting.
Paper long abstract:
“One out of three children experiences violence”; “Husband and wife in jail for killing their child”. During my fieldwork in Tanzania, hardly a day passed without an article in the newspapers addressing various forms of violence against children. The obvious question, as one of the articles states, is thus “how to protect children”. As a state agency, one of the main responsibilities of the social welfare office is to ensure the safety and wellbeing of the ‘most vulnerable’ citizens. Parents who ‘failed’ to meet the basic rights of their child(ren) make up the majority of the clients. Once summoned to appear at the agency they enter long negotiations about their parental roles and care responsibilities, often involving various parties.Drawing on several cases I collected during 12 months of ethnographic research in the department of health in a district in Tanzania, I explore the negotiations of care responsibilities between families and the state. Based on the Convention on the Rights of the Child and “vested with the power of the state” (Dubois 2014) the social welfare officers intervene into the lives of mainly poor families revealing often competing ideologies and moralities about kinship and proper parenting. The social welfare office thus presents a promising example to follow recent calls for a relational (state) anthropology (Thelen/Vetteres/Benda-Beckmann 2018) and show the interdigitation of different realms such as kinship/state or public/private. Furthermore, the perspective on care offers insights into social order and change (Thelen 2015) and prompts additional questions about need and deservingness.