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- Convenors:
-
Agustin Diz
(University of Edinburgh)
Andrea Enrico Pia (London School of Economics)
- Formats:
- Panels
- Stream:
- Politics
- Location:
- Examination Schools Room 7
- Start time:
- 20 September, 2018 at
Time zone: Europe/London
- Session slots:
- 1
Short Abstract:
Transitions suggest managed change in the face of disruption, but they also create opportunities for alternative futures. This panel explores how social collectives engage with the imaginaries and practices of transition in a context of changing capitalist relations to nature and labour.
Long Abstract:
As the world's political and economic systems confront the challenges of automation and climate change, the language of transition is becoming an increasingly common framework for rationalising and operationalising new forms of human interaction with the environment. However, it is a framework that merits analytical scrutiny. Unlike revolutions, the grammar of transition suggests continuity in the face of disruption. It implies a managed process of change that seeks transformation while avoiding unpredictable breaks and ruptures. But transitions are also remarkably ambiguous and strikingly potent. Indeed, the praxis of transition creates junctures within which the pace, scale, and mechanics of socio-environmental change become amenable to critical appraisal. As transition becomes an increasingly widespread heuristic tool for thinking about and preparing for the future, a number of important questions arise: How is the grammar of transition impacting our understandings of future political economies? How is it changing societal relations with the environment? How are private and public interests adapting to ideas about transition? How are transitions becoming objects of public concern and dissent? Do transitions require new institutions or are our current ones able to cope?
In response to these sorts of questions, this panel aims to develop a critical anthropological approach to transitions. We welcome ethnographic papers that explore how social collectives (including states, corporations, civil society organizations and communities) conceive of and engage with the imaginaries and praxis of transition in a context of changing capitalist relations to nature and labour.
Accepted papers:
Session 1Paper short abstract:
I examine what the discourse on socio-environmental transitions in Costa Rica's Osa region suggests regarding recent growth in tourism interests for farmers (campesinos), conservationism as a new form of land governance, and previous instances of resource extraction linked to global markets.
Paper long abstract:
There is a ubiquitous claim among residents and visitors within Costa Rica's Osa Peninsula that there has been a "complete change in mentality," beginning about fifteen years ago. The rhetoric of transition and change is deeply embedded in this area, and I propose to discuss three instances within this paper: resource extraction tied to foreign interests, state-run conservation and land management planning, and the growth of sustainable tourism at the local level - concerning campesinos. Early extractive interests, such as a US-based timber company, have instigated conflict over land rights with campesinos including violent altercations and arrests. The Costa Rican government, along with an international network of scientists and activists, addressed the Osa controversy by creating Corcovado National Park. A radical move for Latin American land policy in 1975, the park represented a new moral regime of land governance. As the Osa became 80% state-preserved land, residents have been facing a new order of control that emphasizes the importance of conservation. Given the rise in Costa Rican tourism since the 1980s and the establishment of the nation as a prime locale for ecotourism, the Osa has been sought after for sustainable development and "ecotours." This most recent transformation marks the break with the past that residents so frequently discuss; the phenomenon through which forceful rhetoric that merges capitalism and conservationism becomes most apparent. Analyzing these moments through the framework of transformation gives us historical perspectives and allows for a more intimate understanding of what individuals mean by change.
Paper short abstract:
Corporate sustainability uses the language of "smooth transitions" to preclude critique while reinforcing the corporation's position at the center of neoliberal sustainable development. This paper explores the implications of—and alternatives to—the dominance of this transition narrative.
Paper long abstract:
Corporate sustainability—and the greener, richer, happier world it promises—is couched in the language of smooth transitions. Shell, the multi-national energy conglomerate, sees itself as a key player in what it describes as the "transition to a low-carbon future." The World Business Council for Sustainable Development similarly imagines how the cement industry, one of the most energy intensive industries in the world, can take a leading role in the "low-carbon transition." The language of transition, however, precludes the possibility of disruption and disjuncture, despite the reliance of transition narratives on investment in so-called disruptive innovations.
Drawing on fieldwork conducted in Geneva, Switzerland, between September 2015 and August 2016 among "sustainability professionals" working in different industries, this paper will examine how the notion of "smooth transitions" is used to neutralize critiques of corporate sustainability while concomitantly situating corporations and private financial institutions at the very center of global sustainable development. The language of transition quickly takes on a moral valence, with continuity becoming a normative goal, inhibiting the emergence of other, more radical possibilities by preemptively implying that other possibilities are unethical and chaotic. By documenting the way the calm and confident language of transition in corporate sustainability belies the necessity of systemic ruptures, disruptions, and disjunctures that just responses to climate change and other socio-ecological crises demand, this paper opens an avenue of critique from the inside out, that is, from within the centers of global economic and political power where the narrative of transition is produced and enforced.
Paper short abstract:
Europe-based transition initiatives has been adapted and adopted in Hong Kong's postcolonial situation. Local-food movement emerged amid contestations over locality, seeking alternative life forms and calling for adjustments in cultural and political-economic norms underlying current food systems.
Paper long abstract:
In facing energy and environmental crisis, 'Transition Movement' in the Global North advocates community-centred actions to increase resilience and establish sustainable human settlements relying on localisation of food production and consumption. This Europe-based environmental campaign has traveled across continents and arrived in the Greater China. In the recent decade, Hong Kong witnesses a changing foodscape encompasses proliferation of farming practices, farmers' markets, and young urban farmers. Built upon fieldwork conducted in 2016-2017, this paper aims to unpack the creation and popularisation of 'local-food' and facilitate understandings of the imbrications of local-food movement, which is summarised as seeking alternatives to urban lifestyle perceived as 'injustice' and 'damaging' to humans and the more-than-human world.
Resonating with globally circulating food and environmental ethics, local-food movement reacts to neoliberal and industrial regimes that dominate food systems and politics of urban space. Meanwhile, against a backdrop that food supply of Hong Kong is mainly imported from mainland China where is widely noted as haunted by pervasive concern of food safety, the local-food movement is often associated to localist agenda and postcolonial political struggles. However, at this historical moment of 'in transition' from a British colony to a part of the PRC, monolithic localism is complicated by unresting contestations over locality and stratified into multiple layers occupied by conflicting factions of 'local people' who hold diverse interpretations ranging from nationalist views to inclusive perspectives. 'Local-food' thus serves as a rhetoric which mobilises as well as embodies cultural critique, political resistance, subjectivity building and system transformation.