Paper short abstract:

Through the historical maps, this study explores the significant 'discovery' of coal in 19th-century colonial Chotanagpur. This paper also studies this discovery’s societal and environmental impact and also focuses on ecological conditions which prompted local migration to collieries.

Paper long abstract:

This research delves deep into the exploration process and implications surrounding the 'discovery' of coal in the late 19th

century within colonial Chotanagpur. At this time, the region was

already grappling with severe deforestation and ecological crises,

primarily due to the extensive logging of Sal trees for railway tracks

and the large-scale clearance of forests to facilitate experimental

plantations. However, this ecological turmoil took a momentous turn with the revelation of coal and other valuable minerals.

The presence of coal, although potentially known to indigenous

communities, emerged as a sensational 'discovery.' The meticulously

crafted maps from that era provide compelling evidence of the palpable excitement surrounding the forthcoming prospects of subterranean colonization projects. This revelation not only transformed the landscape but also initiated profound socio-economic and environmental changes in the region.

Incorporating highly detailed cartographic representations, this paper vividly portrays the historical 'discovery' of coal in Chotanagpur, shedding light on the far-reaching impacts on society and the environment. Furthermore, it dedicates extensive attention to a comprehensive analysis of the ecological conditions that necessitated the migration of local inhabitants to collieries in search of employment. This research, therefore, strives to offer a holistic and well-rounded understanding of the intricate interplay between

environmental factors, industrial transitions, and human mobility in the context of coal mining within Chotanagpur.