Paper short abstract:

This paper examines how the state reinforces neoliberal interests at the expense of minorities' livelihoods and belonging in Sub-Saharan Africa. It draws from insights from Zimbabwe using the case of an ongoing threat of displacement in Matabeleland North Province in Zimbabwe.

Paper long abstract:

This paper underscores the role African governments play in reinforcing accumulation at the expense of local land rights, impacting the affected communities' sense of belonging, livelihoods, and socio-economic activities. It uses insights from Zimbabwe to explore displacement caused by conflicts, mining, agriculture, forced migration, and land acquisitions within a neoliberal framework. The paper acknowledges arguments proposing that resettlement resulting from displacement might enhance or restore the income and livelihoods of affected individuals through resource exploitation, exploitative labour practices, and environmental degradation. However, it also considers critics' perspectives emphasizing negative psychological and socio-cultural outcomes, including the dismantling of traditional production systems and the desecration of sacred areas. Furthermore, the paper analyses how land acquisition affects agricultural activities, leading to income loss and reduced food security for local farmers. It assesses environmental consequences, such as water pollution from foreign mining operations, impacting the health and well-being of local communities. Additionally, it highlights the broader implications of uncompensated resource extraction on affected communities' well-being and socio-economic conditions. By delving into these issues, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how foreign investments impact Sub-Saharan African communities, contributing to existing knowledge on this topic.