Paper short abstract:

Kazakhstan. 1941-1943. Different conditions of evacuation: evacuation flows, adaptation practices, moods.

Paper long abstract:

The fact that during the war of 1941-1945 Kazakhstan received a large number of evacuees. As analysis of documents shows the presence of various evacuation flows. Conventionally, the following can be distinguished: under investigation were from workers and temployees of industrial enterprises, their families, cultural and scientific institutions to prisoners and persons. On July 20, 1941, the Council of People's Commissars and the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) of Kazakhstan adopt a resolution on the creation of special state structures for organizing and receiving evacuated citizens.

Frome July 1941 to October 1942 to Kazakhstan were relocated 142 large industrial enterprises with complete equipment and necessary raw materials: heavy and medium engineering plants, as well as textile, cotton spinning, shoe and other factories. In total, during the war years over 300 factories were relocated to Kazakhstan. According to the data of the Resettlement Department of the Kazakh SSR, on the number of evacuated citizens recorded in the lists, as of October 21, 1941, in the republic 89,477 people were recorded. All of them were located in different regions of the republic. Most of the evacuees in Kazakhstan were settled in auls and villages (64.6% as of July 1, 1943). 35.4% were equipped in cities.

Depending on which category the evacuees belonged to, “organized” or “unorganized”, adaptation practices were built differently. In our presentation, we will analyze all categories of the evacuated population and show their features of everyday life in the rear. Let us consider such an important aspect of the everyday life of the rear as moods, rumors that existed among the population. A wide source base of the study, including both Kazakh (Archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (AP RK), Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan (CSA RK), Russian (SARF, RSASPH), eyewitnesses (oral history) made it possible to comprehensively highlight the stated topic.