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Paper Short Abstract:

The period of independence in the public spaces of Vilnius can be divided into two stages: a passive one, characterized by the decay and neglect of central squares and parks (1990-2010) and an active one, marked by discussions and controversies surrounding urban transformation (from 2010 onwards). The transition between these stages is defined by the start of actual physical changes in public spaces, prompting action towards revitalization. This study analyzes the transformation processes of five representative squares and parks in central Vilnius, exploring the challenges of defining collective identity and the struggles over the public space. Current outcomes of this transformation include stagnating renovation projects, the demolition of old monuments, and the emergence of local activist communities advocating for authentic, untouched spaces. The ongoing state of transition of public space is mostly characterized by emptiness, temporariness and indecision in the search for consensus amidst controversies.

Paper Abstract:

This study examines the transformation processes of five representative public spaces in central Vilnius: from the relatively smooth conversion of Sereikiškės Park into the baroque-style Bernardine Garden to four other cases mired in endless debates and controversies.

Currently the results of this ongoing transformation are stagnating public space renovation projects, old monuments being demolished, new monuments failing to be erected, local and ecological activist communities fighting for spaces "as they are" – simple, untouched, authentic, without any baroque elements, flowerbeds, fences, or any more external control features. This illustrates a certain transformation fatigue with endless discussions and identity searches during this period.

Meanwhile semi-renovated "de-monumentalized" squares that are still searching for their identity become sites for improvisation – temporary, ephemeral installations and performances filling the void left by the indecision and absence of stable structures. For example, in Cvirka Square, improvisations revolve around the removal of a monument; in Lukiškės Square, improvisations fill the gap left by the lack of a central dominant feature.

Graffiti also works as a temporary way of giving meaning to public spaces, filling them with subcultural signs. During the passive transition period, subcultures actively occupied neglected public spaces. During the active renovations, subcultures were "cleaned out," their traces in public spaces replaced by municipality-approved murals or kitschy decorative elements. However, the absence of graffiti ultimately highlights Vilnius's "in transition" state – a condition defined by emptiness, indecision, and prolonged yet unproductive searches for consensus amidst controversies.