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- Convenor:
-
Catherine Bolten
(University of Notre Dame)
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- Format:
- Panel
- Sessions:
- Thursday 28 October, -
Time zone: Europe/London
Short Abstract:
The separation of different species in discourse and practice rests on the assumptions that there are clear divisions that can be affected between those species in terms of their positionalities, their causes and effects on each other and their shared environments, and indeed in their ways of being-in-the-world.
Long Abstract:
This panel examines case studies where those divisions are not clear-cut, as humans and non-humans are entangled through their proximity, mutual identification, and existence in shared spaces whose boundaries are neither definable nor enforceable. From humans and non-human primates taking behavioral cues from one another, to their shared adaptations (and maladaptations) to rapidly changing places, to the ability of zoonoses to connect them and their fates, this panel considers the particularities and elaborations of multi-species entanglements in the anthropocene, and ponders the ramifications of these entanglements for future multispecies relationships.
Accepted papers:
Session 1 Thursday 28 October, 2021, -Paper short abstract:
How do we grapple with conservation aims in a place that is losing its ability to sustain both chimpanzee and human life? In the forest-savanna mosaic of central Sierra Leone, elephant grass desertification is troubling the foundation of "place" as forests and farms are consumed by invasive grass.
Paper long abstract:
The Tonkolili Chimpanzee Project in central Sierra Leone aims to promote chimpanzee conservation outside of protected areas, as most chimpanzee communities dwell in forest fragments in close proximity to villages, instead of in formally protected areas. In addition to mediating often tense and occasionally destructive relationships between chimpanzees and humans in a dynamic scape of forests, fallow bush, farms, swamps, and villages, the project contends with the problem of elephant grass desertification. This invasive grass first appeared with the colonial railroad after the second world war, and because of its hardiness and ability to spread is now replacing both farmbush and forest fragments that people and chimpanzees need to sustain themselves. As productive, known places are inexorably altered by the grass, we face the problem of 'de-placement', where places become unknowable to both humans and chimpanzees. With chimpanzees attempting to adapt through previously unseen practices such as nesting in solitary palms and building new nests on old in productive feeding areas, people face an inability to work and innovate out of the problem, with known farming practices exacerbating the advance of the grass.
Paper short abstract:
An investigation into anthropomorphism and it’s effects on supporters of an NGO and their preferences when taking out a symbolic adoption with a view to maximising adoptions and revenue for conservation.
Paper long abstract:
A questionnaire was distributed to supporters of Orangutan Appeal UK symbolic adoption scheme that have had or currently adopt a Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) (P.pygmaeus) through the charity. The questionnaire was designed to test four hypotheses to determine which features of P. pygmaeus were most desirable for participants. Results suggest a significant preference for photographs in which P. pygmaeus display anthropomorphic postures rather than natural postures (X2: 20.735, DF = 3, P < 0.001), a significant preference for infant P. pygmaeus over adult individuals (X2 = 39.101, DF = 3, P < 0.01), a significant difference between the likelihood of adoption (GLM: DF = 5, F = 32.93, P < 0.01) and participants reasons (GLM: DF = 4, F = 12.88, P < 0.01) and a significant difference between P. pygmaeus features and the influence they have over participant choice (KW: DF = 249.87, P < 0.01). Based on the results of this study, the symbolic adoption scheme supporters of OAUK prefer to adopt infant P. pygmaeus with photographs that display anthropomorphic postures or facial expressions and direct eye contact. Facial attractiveness is also important and having heard about or met their adopted P. pygmaeus at Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre (SORC) also increased the likelihood of adoption. Although additional research into these individual aspects should be conducted in order to further validate these results, this study does highlight some possible improvements for OAUK symbolic adoption scheme with a view to maximising its revenue potential for the charity.