Paper short abstract:

This study explores Children in institutional care (CCI)’s Capability to Play using the novel framework of Capability Approach (CA). The CA emphasizes enhancing individuals' capabilities to lead lives they value, which aligns with the intricate needs of CCI. This qualitative research employs a multi-stakeholder participatory approach and uses thematic analysis to explore CCI's capability to play.

Paper long abstract:

Research Context

Children under the institutional care of the state (CCI) constitute one of the most vulnerable segments of society, facing a myriad of challenges that can significantly impact their well-being and long-term development outcomes (Evans et al., 2017; Kendrick et al., 2008). Scholars have recognized CCI as active agents capable of navigating and shaping their social contexts and have advocated for the creation of supportive environments that empower CCI to exercise their agency and realize their full potential (Holland, 2009; Quarmby & Luguetti, 2023). This paper seeks to explore the multifaceted dimensions of CCI’s capabilities, particularly the ‘Capability to Play’ through the lens of the Capability Approach (CA), developed by Amartya Sen and further elaborated upon by Martha Nussbaum (Nussbaum, 2011; Sen, 1999). Central to the CA, is the concept of enhancing individuals' capabilities to live lives they value which aligns well with the complex needs of CCIs during their rehabilitation and reintegration processes (Dixon & Nussbaum, 2012; Holland, 2009; Robeyns, 2017).

Internationally, there has been a notable increase in the number of CCIs, necessitating a reevaluation of existing approaches and the development of more effective strategies to support their well-being (Quarmby & Luguetti, 2023). Contemporary discourse underscores the pervasive adversities confronted by CCIs, including developmental delays, behavioral problems, attachment disorders, and elevated risk of involvement in criminal proceedings (Browne, 2017; Kendrick et al., 2008; Staines, 2017).

Nussbaum's formulation of ten central human capabilities provides a foundational framework for evaluating well-being and social justice, with play being recognized as a fundamental capability essential for a dignified life (Nussbaum, 2011; Robeyns, 2017). While there are nuanced distinctions among the terminologies of sports, play, and leisure, this study adopts a comprehensive approach, using the overarching term 'Play' to encompass both sporting activities and recreational pursuits.

Research Methodology:

Research on CCI has generally relied on the perspectives of other stakeholders, often overlooking the voices of the children themselves (Holland, 2009). One of the most important dimensions of this two-phase study is to amplify the voices of CCI and the use of the multistakeholder strategy of Participatory Action Research. A Systematic literature review is being done which will be followed by a qualitative pilot study in phase one in the month of April-May 2024. Online semi-structured Interviews of the following five key informants will be conducted to gather the data:

1. Lived experience of CCI – 02 (age group 16-18 years)

2. Caregivers– 02

3. Representative of a voluntary organization – 01

Thematic analysis would be done to identify important patterns and themes in terms of CCI’s capability to play. It is proposed to conduct a comprehensive mixed-method empirical field study in the month of April-June 2025 (phase 2) based on the discussions with key stakeholders on the findings of the pilot study. Throughout the two phases of the study, established ethical principles and guidelines for research involving human subjects and vulnerable children will be adhered to.

Analysis & Conclusion

Though Nussbaum provides a relatively brief definition of play within her capability framework, recent scholarship underscores its centrality across the lifespan and its critical role in promoting well-being, human capital development, and social justice (Jones et al., 2017; UNICEF, 2021). More specifically, in the context of CCI, the play offers opportunities for self-expression, exploration, and empowerment, thereby contributing to CCI’s overall development and sense of agency (Quarmby, 2014; Sandford et al., 2020).

Drawing on the above discourse, I argue that the CA offers a fresh and novel framework to evaluate and address CCI’s capability to play, emphasizing the enhancement of their substantive freedoms and opportunities for a dignified life. In conclusion, this study aims to contribute to the evolving scholarly debate by examining the CCI’s capability to play through the lens of the capability approach in the Indian context by adopting a multi-stakeholder participatory approach.

Keywords: children in institutional care; capability approach; capability to play; sports and recreational activities 

References

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