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Short Abstract

A database of citizen science projects on air quality reveals how participatory and sensor-use models shape data quality, inclusivity and impacts. These aspects, rarely assessed together, can guide future projects to broaden their effectiveness and the use of co-produced data into climate services.

Abstract

One way to examine the gap between citizens and climate service providers is by considering relationships formed among participants in citizen science microclimate monitoring projects. We hypothesise that the forms, issues, and needs present during data collection may be closely tied to the uses citizens would make of climate services. Therefore, practices on the monitoring side can provide valuable guidance for the service side.

Our study reviews 89 CS projects on air quality and microclimate monitoring, focusing on how sensor-use schemes influence social, scientific, and environmental outcomes. Two main configurations emerge: (1) sensors purchased/built by groups involved in environmental disputes, and (2) devices loaned/distributed freely within structured project frameworks. Assuming a third, less-documented model, where individuals purchase/build sensors for personal use, we propose a different hypothesis: a free lending scheme for personal initiatives of users, which could reduce entry barriers (economic, technical, data literacy) and enhance inclusivity and participation in climate information systems. These citizen-generated air quality data can inform local adaptation strategies and climate services, supporting community resilience to environmental risks.

By comparing these configurations, we show that careful design is crucial for achieving each CS project’s goals, from fostering high-quality scientific data production to expanding policy action, while also planning inclusive and effective climate information systems. Recognising citizens as co-producers of climate knowledge, we argue for collaborative frameworks that balance participation, data consistency and social impact. These insights will inform the development of initiatives that can strategically support climate services, highlighting the need to look beyond participation, towards practical configurations shaping citizens’ involvement.