Paper short abstract:

This paper explores the nature of mining settlements with the aim of contributing to debates regarding the patterns, processes and challenges of mine-induced urbanization. It highlights the similarities and differences between the development of three gold mining settlements in Ghana.

Paper long abstract:

This paper explores the nature of mining settlements in Ghana with the aim of contributing to debates regarding the patterns, processes and challenges of mine-induced urbanization. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data collected in three gold mining settlements of differing size, Obuasi, Prestea and Kenyasi, it examines the history and development of the settlements including the timing and nature of in-and out-migration, the changing physical structure, and the evolving economic base. The experiences of a range of inhabitants are analysed including their views on the advantages and disadvantages of living in mining settlements and where they feel most at home. The paper shows how in the settlements studied, large- and small-scale mining are inextricably interlinked hence mining settlements cannot be characterised as being linked to one or the other type of mining. Mining activities clearly stimulate in-situ urbanisation in the form of physical structures, economic activities and service provision. Whilst some common characteristics of mining settlements can be identified, there are also clear differences with each settlement developing distinctive characteristics related to a range of factors including the level of mining activities, in/out migration, the location, and the availability of other income-generating opportunities. Strong social relations and an associated attachment to place develop within mining settlements which, along with the development of alternative income-generating activities, results in the settlements outliving the mining activities. To conclude, the paper argues that as well as considering in-situ urbanization, it is important to recognise that mining activities also stimulate urbanization elsewhere.