Paper short abstract:

Drawing on two research projects, one on reproductive ageing and the other on mitochondrial disorders, we track the bio-objectification of mitochondria, revealing new conceptualisations of embodiment, ageing and inheritance, and the traffic between regenerative and reproductive concerns.

Paper long abstract:

This paper tracks the bio-objectification of mitochondria and explores how they contribute to the reconfiguration of socio-biological processes in the field of reproductive biology and medicine. Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles producing cell energy. They possess their own DNA, which is maternally inherited. Over the past decade, mitochondria have become the focus of increased attention in various spheres, primarily in scientific research but also in the media and in the context of socio-cultural practices. Their existence has been highlighted in mitochondrial replacement techniques, 'anti-ageing' products, genealogical research, and fertility treatments. As research on mitochondria generates considerable hope for promissory applications, it also attracts substantial funding.

Drawing on two empirical fields, one on reproductive ageing, the other on the use of reproductive technologies in the context of mitochondrial disorders, we examine the 'traffic' between the regenerative and reproductive sociotechnical projects (Squier 2004) and the new relations generated by biotechnological manipulations of mitochondria. We first describe the processes through which mitochondria have been constructed as a 'bio-object' in scientific research, as well as within public and policy debate. We then document how the manipulation of mitochondria is part of wider efforts to redirect and transform living processes by acting on reproductive and ageing processes. The biotechnological targeting of mitochondria not only disrupts notions of genetic identity and inheritance by creating new biological distinctions - e.g. nuclear and mitochondrial DNA - but also challenges current understandings of reproductive ageing by opening up the possibility of 'rejuvenating' oocytes and extending fertility.