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Short abstract:

This paper explores how hype sustains and distorts the psychedelic science movement. I examine how scientific claims in the field function as promissory capital. I emphasize the need for critical engagements with psychedelic science to foster reflexivity in the field and improve theory development.

Long abstract:

Conceiving of psychedelic science as a scientific-intellectual movement, this paper explores how hype functions to sustain the movement and advance its aims. Drawing on in-depth interviews with psychedelic researchers from across the United States, participant observation in psychedelic webinars and conferences, and review of scientific literature on psychedelics, I examine how scientific claims about psychedelics function as promissory capital. For instance, I trace how scientific techniques and scientists’ communications have variously contributed to the reframing of psychedelics as neurotechnologies capable of leveraging neuroplasticity to instigate transformative change in individual users. I also highlight examples wherein psychedelics’ transformative potential is tied to inflated or incomplete understandings of their effects. I specifically draw attention to scientific claims that both obscure the complex and biocultural nature of psychedelic effects and contribute to hype through reductionist, determinist, and idealist accounts of psychedelics potential to transform individuals and society. Finally, I describe how such claims can stimulate hype and help attract resources to support the field.

Following this analysis, I interrogate the role STS scholarship has to play in mitigating the effects of hype associated with psychedelic science. I look to critical neuroscience, neuroethics, critical realist approaches to mental health, and biocultural understandings of the brain to draw lessons about how STS can improve research and contribute to reflexivity in the field. Through this lens, I suggest that STS scholarship can also improve theory development in psychedelic research and help ensure ethical integration of psychedelics in society.